The Paradox of Violence in Venezuela

Revolution, Crime, and Policing During Chavismo

David Smilde, Verónica Zubillaga, Rebecca Hanson, David Smilde, Verónica Zubillaga, Rebecca Hanson

• Publisher: University of Pittsburgh Press
• Year: 2023
• Topic: History
• eBook ISBN:
  9780822988762
• Subtopic: Latin American & Caribbean History
• Index: History

Crime and violence soared in twenty-first-century Venezuela even as poverty and inequality decreased, contradicting the conventional wisdom that these are the underlying causes of violence. The Paradox of Violence in Venezuela explains the rise of violence under both Hugo Chávez and Nicolás Maduro—leftist presidents who made considerable investment in social programs and political inclusion. Contributors argue that violence arose not from the frustration of inequality, or the needs created by poverty, but rather from the interrelated factors of a particular type of revolutionary governance, extraordinary oil revenues, a reliance on militarized policing, and the persistence of concentrated disadvantage. These factors led to dramatic but unequal economic growth, massive institutional and social change, and dysfunctional criminal justice policies that destabilized illicit markets and social networks, leading to an increase in violent conflict resolution. The Paradox of Violence in Venezuela reorients thinking about violence and its relationship to poverty, inequality, and the state.

Table of contents

• Cover Page
• Title Page
• Copyright Page
• Contents
• Acknowledgments
• Foreword
• Introduction: The Paradox of Violence in Venezuela
• Part I. The Shape of Violence
• Part II. Causal Processes and Cycles of Violence
• Part III. From Civilian Police Reform to Resurgent Militarized Policing
• Part IV. Responses to Violence: Looking Back, Looking Forward
• Notes
• References
• List of Contributors
• Index