Sacred Space and Anglo-Turkish Relations

The Politics of British Churches, Cemeteries and War Graves in Turkey, 1825 to 1976

John Fisher

• Publisher: I.B. Tauris
• Year: 2024
• Print ISBN:
  9780755654611
• Edition: 1
• eBook ISBN:
  9780755654635
• Topic: History
• Subtopic: British History
• Index: History

This work investigates how various sacred spaces in Ottoman and Republican Turkey interfaced with British foreign policy. It considers how these spaces impacted upon British prestige in the context of its dealings with Turkey chiefly, as well as other Great Powers. The period covered is from the demise of the Levant Company in 1825, to the deconsecration of the Crimean Memorial Church in Istanbul, in 1976. Other sacred spaces discussed include the British Embassy Chapel, the Crimean War cemeteries, various British churches and cemeteries in Izmir, the Gallipoli cemeteries, connected with the campaign of 1915, and the Phanar, the Ecumenical Patriarch's home in Istanbul.

The book considers how, and to what extent, the Foreign Office in London, and its staff in Turkey, intervened to secure those spaces, and why the politics of the Patriarchate intruded into the Foreign Office's geo-strategic considerations. It considers the limits of that support, and how dealings over sacred space intermeshed generally with British policy towards Turkey. It further explores the motives, not just of diplomats and consuls, who were instrumental in establishing or safeguarding those spaces, but also the aims of other organisations and of expatriate Britons, who were similarly involved. It also considers instances where such support became attenuated or was withdrawn. The book is unique in illuminating, in a broad fashion, the role of sacred space in the context of Anglo-Turkish relations, and British power projection in the Near East.

Table of contents

• Cover
• Half Title
• Dedication
• Title Page
• Contents
• List of figures
• List of maps
• Preface
• Acknowledgements
• Note on text
• List of abbreviations
• Part One Introduction
• 1 Themes
• 2 Contexts
• Part Two The evolution of the Istanbul chaplaincy
• 3 British protestant life in Constantinople
• 4 The clerical and diplomatic spheres
• 5 Cases of difficulty, danger and outrage
• 6 Christ Church, the Crimean Memorial Church, and all Saints, Moda
• 7 St Helena’s, the embassy chapel
• 8 The combined chaplaincy
• Part Three The politics of the Crimean War cemeteries in Turkey
• 9 ‘A national obligation’
• 10 A matter of prestige
• Part Four The politics of commemoration and worship at Smyrna
• 11 ‘Money, time and trouble’
• 12 Acts of desecration
• Part Five The politics of the British imperial war cemeteries at the Dardanelles
• 13 Haggling over the dead
• 14 God’s acres
• 15 Further challenges on land and at sea
• Part Six The foreign office and the politics of the Phanar
• 16 The fruits of schism
• 17 Treading on egg-shells
• 18 Harassed by pinpricks
• Conclusion
• Notes
• Bibliography
• Index
• Imprint