
Apprendre le kongo
(le monokutuba, le kikongo ya leta, le kituba) Un dictionnaire grammatical
- Kongo
- PDF
- Available on iOS & Android
Apprendre le kongo
(le monokutuba, le kikongo ya leta, le kituba) Un dictionnaire grammatical
About this book
Kongo. One of the major linguĂŠ francĂŠ spoken in Central Africa. Monokutuba, Kikongo ya Leta and Kituba are three variants of one and the same language that some specialists call Kongo. This grammatical dictionary contains detailed explanations which show both the similarities and the differences between the three dialects. This book â both a dictionary and a grammar, and the very first of its kind â is the result of more than twenty years spent in the two Congos as well as with the Congolese diaspora in Europe. Kongo is a somewhat academic and linguistic term. Those who speak the language themselves call it Monokutuba, Kikongo ya Leta, Kituba, or just plain Kikongo, although this should not be confused with Kikongo proper, which is a separate though related language. The Kongo speech area extends from Pointe Noire on the Atlantic coast of the Republic of Congo to the eastern part of the former province of Bandundu in the DRC, a distance of more than a thousand kilometres. It is therefore not surprising that differences have been created between the variants of the language spoken at the two extremes of this vast area, especially since a linguistic "island" â that of Kinshasa Lingala â is located in the middle.The three main centres of the language, with the name that its speakers themselves give to the language they speak, are: Kikwit â where people call their language Kikongo, although speakers of "real" Kikongo often refer to it as Monokutuba, a pejorative term that means "Me Speak", with the implication that it is a creole. This is not entirely incorrect, but all the great linguae francae of world history have been creoles in some way or another, simplified versions of a more complex ancestor. We can mention French, which has lost the declensions of Latin, or Greek koĂŻnĂ©, the language in which the "New Testament" was written, which has been greatly simplified compared to classical Greek. Matadi â where people refer to their language as Kikongo ya Leta, the state language, heavily influenced by Lingala and Kiyombe. Pointe Noire â where the variant is called Kituba, spoken throughout the western part of the Republic of Congo, as well as in part of the capital, Brazzaville. Kituba has absorbed large numbers of Lari words.This dictionary â and its Lingala companion â uses a ground-breaking new system to help learners with some of the difficulties that learners of Bantu languages often face. These are some of the innovative and original features of our books: Underlining of verb roots: All three of these languages are in the Bantu group. A characteristic of all Bantu languages is that they are built up from verb roots. We propose a new system wherein all verb roots are underlined to enable the researcher to make connections easily between seemingly unrelated words. For example, whereas the English words 'alcohol', 'intoxicate' and 'insanity' have no obvious common etymology, by underlining the root in the equivalent words in Kongo malavu, kulausa and kilawu, we see instantly that they are all derived from the verb root -lauk-, meaning 'to get drunk, go mad'. Grammatical boxes in the body of the dictionary: Bantu languages use affixes to modify the meaning of the root, making dictionaries arranged according to the traditional pattern of very limited use for those not familiar with the grammatical structure. Many words in any given Bantu text will not feature as headwords. We have therefore used an original method, incorporating these affixes into the body of the dictionary, along with a brief grammatical explanation of their function, to enable the user to find the meaning of the word being researched. These boxes have a border to distinguish them from the headwords. Explanation of cultural features: Many words relating to cultural practices and realities have no equivalent in European languages. Small articles within the body of the dictionary will describe and explain these features. Le kongo est une des grandes langues vĂ©hiculaires parlĂ©es en Afrique centrale. Le monokutuba, le kikongo dit « de l'Ă©tat », le kituba: ce sont trois variantes d'une seule et mĂȘme langue que certains spĂ©cialistes appellent le kongo. Ce dictionnaire grammatical contient des explications dĂ©taillĂ©es qui montrent et les ressemblances et les diffĂ©rences entre les trois dialectes. Cet ouvrage â Ă la fois dictionnaire et grammaire, et le tout premier en son genre â est le fruit de plus de vingt ans passĂ©s dans les deux Congo ainsi qu'avec la diaspora congolaise en Europe. Le « kongo » est plutĂŽt une appellation acadĂ©mique et linguistique. Ceux qui parlent la langue l'appellent eux-mĂȘmes le monokutuba, le kikongo, dit « de l'Ă©tat », le kituba, ou le kikongo tout court; toutefois il ne faut pas confondre le kongo et le kikongo proprement dit. L'aire du kongo s'Ă©tend de Pointe Noire Ă l'ouest jusque dans la partie est de l'ancienne province du Bandundu en RDC, soit une distance de plus de mille kilomĂštres. Il n'est donc pas surprenant que des diffĂ©rences se sont créées entre les variantes de la langue parlĂ©es aux deux extrĂȘmes de cette vaste superficie, d'autant plus qu'une « Ăźle » linguistique â celle du lingala de Kinshasa â se situe au milieu. Les trois grands pĂŽles de la langue, avec la dĂ©signation que ses locuteurs donnent eux-mĂȘmes Ă la langue qu'ils parlent, sont: Kikwit â oĂč l'on parle kikongo, tout court, bien que les locuteurs du « vrai » kikongo l'appellent souvent le monokutuba, terme pĂ©joratif qui veut dire « moi parler », avec le sous-entendu qu'il s'agit d'un crĂ©ole. Ce n'est pas tout Ă fait faux, d'ailleurs, comme nous l'avons dĂ©jĂ expliquĂ©; mais toutes les grandes linguae francae sont en quelque sorte des crĂ©oles, des versions simplifiĂ©es d'une ancĂȘtre plus complexe. On peut citer le français, qui a perdu les dĂ©clinaisons du latin, ou le grec « koĂŻnĂ© », langue dans laquelle le « Nouveau Testament » a Ă©tĂ© Ă©crite, qui s'est beaucoup simplifiĂ© par rapport au grec classique.Matadi â oĂč les gens dĂ©signent leur parler le kikongo « de l'Ă©tat ». Le kikongo de l'Ă©tat a Ă©tĂ© fortement influencĂ© par le lingala et le kiyombe. Pointe Noire, oĂč la variante est appelĂ©e le kituba. Cette langue se parle dans toute la partie ouest de la RĂ©publique du Congo, ainsi que dans une partie de la capitale, Brazzaville. Le kituba a subi l'influence du lari.
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Table of contents
- Couverture
- Page de titre
- Droit dâauteur
- Table des matiĂšres
- Introduction
- Abréviations utilisées dans le dictionnaire
- Partie kongo-français
- Partie français-kongo
- Du mĂȘme auteur
- Couverture