Culture?s Consequences

Comparing Values, Behaviors, Institutions and Organizations Across Nations

Geert Hofstede

• Publisher: SAGE Publications, Inc
• Year: 2001
• Print ISBN: 9780803973244, 9780803973237
• eBook ISBN: 9781544340258
• Edition: 2
• Topic: Psychology
• Subtopic: History & Theory in Psychology
• Index: Psychology

"An important, sophisticated and complex monograph... Both the theoretical analysis and the empirical findings constitute major contributions to cross-cultural value analysis and the cross-cultural study of work motivations and organizational dynamics. This book is also a valuable resource for anyone interested in a historical or anthropological approach to cross-cultural comparisons."
--PERSONNEL PSYCHOLOGY

--PERSONNEL PSYCHOLOGY

The Second Edition of this classic work, first published in 1981 and an international best seller, explores the differences in thinking and social action that exist among members of more than 50 modern nations. Geert Hofstede argues that people carry "mental programs" which are developed in the family in early childhood and reinforced in schools and organizations, and that these programs contain components of national culture. They are expressed most clearly in the different values that predominate among people from different countries.

Geert Hofstede has completely rewritten, revised and updated Culture?s Consequences for the twenty-first century, he has broadened the book?s cross-disciplinary appeal, expanded the coverage of countries examined from 40 to more than 50, reformulated his arguments and a large amount of new literature has been included. The book is structured around five major dimensions: power distance; uncertainty avoidance; individualism versus collectivism; masculinity versus femininity; and long term versus short-term orientation.

Table of contents

• Cover page
• Title
• Copyright
• Dedication
• From the Preface to the First Edition (1980)
• Preface to the Second Edition
• Summary of the Book
• 1. Values and Culture
• 2. Data Collection, Treatment, and Validation
• 3. Power Distance
• 4. Uncertainty Avoidance
• 5. Individualism and Collectivism
• 6. Masculinity and Femininity
• 7. Long- Versus Short-Term Orientation
• 8. Cultures in Organizations
• 9. Intercultural Encounters
• 10. Using Culture Dimension Scores in Theory and Research
• Appendix 1 Questions From the IBM Attitude Survey Questionnaire Referred to in This Book
• Appendix 2 Country Scores on A, B, and C Questions (except A5-A32 and C1-C8)
• Appendix 3 Standardized Country and Occupation Scores for Work Goals (questions A5-18 and C1-C8)
• Appendix 4 Replicating the IBM-Style Cross-National Survey
• Appendix 5 Summary of Country Index Scores (including additions)
• Appendix 6 Summary of Significant Correlations of Country Index Scores With Data From Other Sources
• Appendix 7 Two Case Studies From the IRIC Organizational Cultures Research Project
• Appendix 8 The Author’s Values
• References
• Name Index
• Subject Index
• About the Author