The Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) began 40 years ago as a pilot program and has since grown to serve over 8 million pregnant women, and mothers of and their infants and young children. Today the program serves more than a quarter of the pregnant women and half of the infants in the United States, at an annual cost of about $6.2 billion. Through its contribution to the nutritional needs of pregnant, breastfeeding, and post-partum women; infants; and children under 5 years of age; this federally supported nutrition assistance program is integral to meeting national nutrition policy goals for a significant portion of the U.S. population.To assure the continued success of the WIC, Congress mandated that the Food and Nutrition Service of the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) reevaluate the program's food packages every 10 years. In 2014, the USDA asked the Institute of Medicine to undertake this reevaluation to ensure continued alignment with the goals of the Dietary Guidelines for Americans. This, the second report of this series, provides a summary of the work of phase I of the study, and serves as the analytical underpinning for phase II in which the committee will report its final conclusions and recommendations.
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Table of contents
- COVER PAGE
- TITLE PAGE
- COPYRIGHT PAGE
- TABLE OF CONTENTS
- PREFACE
- SUMMARY
- 1 INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND
- 2 THE WIC PARTICIPANT EXPERIENCE
- 3 APPROACH TO THE TASK
- 4 NUTRIENT INTAKES OF WIC-ELIGIBLE POPULATIONS
- 5 FOOD INTAKE OF WIC-ELIGIBLE POPULATIONS
- 6 NUTRITION-RELATED HEALTH RISKS IN THE WIC POPULATION
- 7 PROMOTION, MOTIVATION, AND SUPPORT OF BREASTFEEDING WITH THE WIC FOOD PACKAGES
- 8 MEETING DIVERSE DIETARY NEEDS AND PREFERENCES: CONSIDERATIONS FOR THE WIC FOOD PACKAGES
- 9 BACKGROUND AND APPROACH TO CONSIDERING FOOD PACKAGE OPTIONS
- 10 FOOD EXPENDITURE ANALYSIS
- 11 FINDINGS AND CONCLUSIONS
- APPENDIXES
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