Kratom and Other Mitragynines

The Chemistry and Pharmacology of Opioids from a Non-Opium Source

Robert B. Raffa

• Publisher: CRC Press
• Year: 2014
• eBook ISBN:
  9781040177013
• Topic: Medicine
• Subtopic: Biochemistry in Medicine

Opioids such as morphine, codeine, and oxycodone are extracts or analogs isolated from a single source: the opium poppy. For a long time, it was believed to be nature's only source of opioids. But it now appears that biological diversity has evolved an alternative source of opioid compounds-those derived from the plant Mitragyna speciosa. This plan

Table of contents

• Cover Page
• Halftitle Page
• Title Page
• Copyright Page
• Contents
• Preface
• About the Editors
• Contributors
• 1 Why Do Plants Contain Biologically Active Compounds?
• 2 Short Overview of Mitragynines
• 3 Psychopharmacological Indole Alkaloids from Terrestrial Plants
• 4 Salvinorin A Example of a Non-Alkaloidal Bioactive Opioid from a Plant Source
• 5 The Botany of Mitragyna speciosa (Korth.) Havil. and Related Species
• 6 Phytochemistry of Mitragyna speciosa
• 7 Chemistry of Mitragynines A Brief Introduction
• 8 Chemistry of Mitragyna Alkaloids
• 9 Medicinal Chemistry Based on Mitragynine
• 10 Chemical Structures of Opioids
• 11 The Detection of Mitragynine and Its Analogs
• 12 The ADME of Mitragynine and Analogs
• 13 Analgesic Effects of Mitragynine and Analogs
• 14 Non-Analgesic CNS Effects
• 15 Other Opioid-Associated Endpoints
• 16 The Kratom Experience from Firsthand Reports
• 17 The Toxicology of Indole Alkaloids
• 18 Opioid-Induced Adverse Effects and Toxicity
• 19 Toxicology of Mitragynine and Analogs
• 20 The Use of Animal Models to Measure Tolerance, Dependence, and Abuse Potential
• 21 Kratom The Epidemiology, Use and Abuse, Addiction Potential, and Legal Status
• Bibliography
• Index