The History of the Oxford English Dictionary

Thomas Vetsch

• Publisher: GRIN Verlag
• Year: 2003
• eBook ISBN: 9783638217958
• Edition: 0
• Topic: Literature
• Subtopic: European Literary Collections
• Index: Literature

Seminar paper from the year 2001 in the subject English Language and Literature Studies - Linguistics, grade: Good, University of Zurich (English Seminar), language: English, abstract: The history of dictionaries certainly goes back to the 8th century, when the custom ofmaking collections of glosses grew up. These collections, called glossarium or glossary, werea great help to students, as they were also a sort of dictionary. In the 10th century, AbbotÆlfric produced a Latin grammar book, including a short Latin-English dictionary - the firstof its kind. In 1440 Galfridus Grammaticus produced the first English-Latin dictionary whichwas printed in 1499 by Pynson and bore the title Promptorium parvulorum sive clericorum.Until the 16th century, the emphasis of dictionaries lay on translating foreign words intoEnglish. Apparently, there was no need for an English-English dictionary, i.e. a dictionarywhich described English words to English people. In that time a lot of foreign words, mostlyLatin ones, made their way into 'standard' English, which at first caused no debate but thenwas criticised by language purists. According to them English was in danger of being takenover by foreign languages and needed special support. This idea was the beginning ofEnglish-English dictionaries.In 1604 Robert Cawdry brought out his Table Alphabetical. About three thousand 'hard'words which had become common in English were listed and explained. Henry Cockeramproduced the first work with the title The English Dictionary in 1623. Like other dictionariesof that time, it primarily dealt with 'difficult' English words. A polyglot dictionary of elevenlanguages was published in 1617 by John Minsheu. The Ductor in Linguas was the mostmonumental dictionary in the 17th century and for the first time, etymology was given someattention. In 1674 John Ray produced a dictionary which dealt with dialect words. It was anunexpected success and people all over the country began looking for additional local termsand sent them to Ray, who brought out a second and enlarged edition of this dictionary in1691. John Ray can be regarded as the "remote originator of the English Dialect Society"(Mathews 1966, p. 26).Until then, dictionaries followed the line of old glossaries and only dealt with terms whichwere not common or rather unusual in the English language. This changed in the 18th centurywhen the first attempts to publish dictionaries containing all English words were made. In1702 John Kersey published A New English Dictionary; or, a complete collection of the mostproper and significant words, commonly used in the language... [...]