Sink or Swim

Capitalist Selfhood and Nineteenth-Century American Literature

Andrew Kopec

• Publisher: The University of North Carolina Press
• Year: 2025
• Print ISBN: 9781469690179, 9781469690162
• eBook ISBN: 9781469679587
• Topic: Literature
• Subtopic: Modern Literary Criticism
• Index: Literature

People living in the nineteenth-century United States saw shocking upheavals in both the economy and in ideas of selfhood in a commercial society. Narratives such as Horatio Alger’s rags-to-riches tales allured Americans with visions of financial success, while events such as the Panics of 1819, 1837, 1857, and 1865 threatened them with sudden and devastating financial failure. The antebellum period’s “go-ahead” ethos encouraged individuals to form an identity amid this chaos by striving for financial success through risk-taking—that is, to form a capitalist self. Andrew Kopec argues that writers of this era were not immune to this business turbulence; rather, their responses to it shaped the development of American literature. By examining the public and private writings of well-known American writers—including Washington Irving, Catharine Maria Sedgwick, Nathaniel Hawthorne, Herman Melville, and Frederick Douglass—Kopec contends that, instead of anxiously retreating from the volatile market, these figures deliberately engaged with it in their writing.
These writers grappled with both the limits and opportunities of capitalist selfhood and tried, in various ways, to harness the economy’s energies for the benefit of the self. In making this argument, Kopec invites readers to consider how this era of American literature questioned the ideologies of capitalist identity that seem inescapable today.

Table of contents

• Cover
• Title Page
• Copyright
• Dedication
• Contents
• List of Illustrations
• Acknowledgments
• Introduction: Contemplating Crisis: Antebellum Literature and the Romance of Trade
• Chapter One: Irving, Risk, and Ruin
• Chapter Two: Sedgwick, Failure, and the Romance in Real Life
• Chapter Three: Emerson, the Scholar, and the Pace of Enterprise
• Chapter Four: Hawthorne’s Soft Ambition, Melville’s Bright Future, and Fern’s Repeated Failures
• Chapter Five: Early African American Literature and the Freedom to Fail
• Epilogue: War and Institutions: Striving in the Transbellum Office
• Notes
• Bibliography
• Index