Higher Education in Malaysia

Wan Chang Da

• Publisher: ISEAS Publishing
• Year: 2025
• eBook ISBN: 9789815306477
• Edition: 0
• Topic: Education
• Subtopic: Education General

Higher education has been a coveted policy domain in Malaysia. Political dynamics and shifting emphasis in policy not only shape the higher education system but hold deep implications for the institutional and educational life of universities.The first four decades after independence saw the government tightening its control over universities and corporatizing and liberalizing the higher education sector before elevating the importance of higher education by establishing the Ministry of Higher Education in 2004.However, since becoming a stand-alone ministry, the Ministry of Higher Education has twice oscillated between a merger with and separation from the Ministry of Education; this inevitably brought about organizational and governance confusion.The pattern of ministerial appointments further suggests a continual salience of political interest in the role. Despite having eight ministers (including one who occupied the office twice), six Prime Ministers and five configurations of government across two decades, the striking fact remains that all except one of the Ministers of Higher Education have been from the United Malays National Organization (UMNO).Crucially, the immense powers and authority of the Minister of Higher Education specifically on appointments of governing and executive positions of public universities attenuate the institutional autonomy of universities to safeguard academic freedom and chart their directions for development, therefore compelling universities to "surf" the policy flux created by the waves of political dynamics.