A Practical Approach to Pharmaceutical Policy

Andreas Seiter

• Publisher: World Bank Publications
• Year: 2010
• eBook ISBN: 9780821383872
• Edition: 0
• Topic: Medicine
• Subtopic: Health Policy

A practical guide to pharmaceutical policy in developing countries. This volume offers policy makers a hands-on approach for assessing the pharmaceutical sector, recognizing typical dysfunctions, and developing sustainable strategies. It provides examples from low- and middle-income countries and practical assessment tools.

This book addresses the challenges of increasing access to safe, effective, and affordable medicines. It explores topics such as drug regulation, pricing, supply chains, governance, and stakeholder analysis. It is designed for policy makers, health officials, NGOs, academics, and private sector professionals.

Table of contents

• Contents
• Foreword
• Preface
• Acknowledgments
• About the Author
• Abbreviations
• Chapter 1 Pharmaceutical Policy Goals
• Chapter 2 Introducing the Stakeholders
• Chapter 3 Patterns of Dysfunction
• Chapter 4 Key Elements of a Successful Pharmaceutical Policy
• Chapter 5 Policy Packages to Achieve Strategic Long-Term Goals
• Chapter 6 Factors Influencing Policy Implementation
• Chapter 7 Pharmaceutical Policy Illustrated in Country Examples
• Chapter 8 Pharmaceutical Policy Outlook
• Appendix A A Tool to Assess the Pharmaceutical Sector in a Given Country
• Appendix B Customized Version of the Assessment Tool (Appendix A) for Use in an Assessment of the Pharmaceutical Sector in Turkey
• Part 1: Quantitative Data
• Part 2: Descriptive Section
• Appendix C Assessment Tool for Government Procurement Agencies in the Health Sector in India
• Index
• 1.1 Example of Target Setting in a Project Aimed at Improving Access to Medicines in a Low-Income Country
• 2.1 A Tragedy in Panama, Caused by a Toxic Ingredient in Cough Syrup
• 3.1 Major Cost Drivers for Ensuring Drug Availability in Health Centers in Lesotho
• 3.2 Fraudulent Abuse of Health Insurance Funds in Germany
• 3.3 Example of Price Regulation in Practice
• 3.4 NICE: Example of an Institution Set Up to Manage the Conflict between Innovation and Cost Containment in Health Care
• 3.5 Access to Medicines and the TRIPs Agreement in Brazil
• 4.1 Scope and Purpose of a Framework Contract
• 4.2 Creating a Secure Supply Chain in Liberia
• 4.3 Hypothetical Example of the Use of Purchasing Power to Ensure Availability of low-Price Drugs to patients with Health Insurance
• 4.4 Hypothetical Example of a Low-Cost Assessment Process for New Drugs
• 4.5 Sample Format for Ranking Drug X for Treatment of Acute Ischemic Stroke within the First 60 Minutes
• 6.1 Example of a Multistakeholder Process to Address Controversial Policy Positions
• 1.1 Emergence of Core Pharmaceutical Policy Objectives by Income Level
• 1.2 Hierarchy of Laws, Regulations, and Implementing Agencies in the Pharmaceutical Sector
• 2.1 Evolution of the Pharmaceutical Sector in Countries of Different Income Levels
• 3.1 Example of a Pharmaceutical Procurement Cycle
• 3.2 Incentives Influencing a Physician’s Prescribing Behavior
• 3.3 Components of the Retail Drug Price
• 4.1 Example of an Integrated Pharmaceutical Supply Chain
• 4.2 Example of a Public Sector Supply System
• 4.3 Collection of Prescribing and Drug Use Information at the Pharmacy Level
• 5.1 Three Levels of Pharmaceutical Policy
• 5.2 Standard Elements of an Essential Medicines Policy
• 5.3 Standard Elements of a Generic Drugs Policy
• 5.4 Standard Elements of an Innovation-Friendly Drugs Policy
• 6.1 Model Process to Secure Acceptance for a Difficult Reform Project
• 7.1 Increase in Turnover of Revolving Drug Funds after Introduction of NHIS in Ghana
• 2.1 Top-10 Pharmaceutical Companies by Sales, 2008
• 3.1 Links between Enforcement of Drug Regulation and Access to Medicines
• 3.2 Typical Problems in Pharmaceutical Procurement and Their Consequences
• 3.3 Common Patterns of Irrational Drug Use and Their Likely Causes
• 4.1 Negotiated Solutions to Limit Prices of Patented Drugs
• 4.2 Payer-Side Data for Decision Makers
• 4.3 Improving Rational Use of Medicines
• 4.4 Comparison between Government-Run Health Service and Third-Party Fund
• 4.5 Industrial Policy versus Public Health Policy
• 4.6 Strategies for Dealing with Governance Issues in Low- and Middle-Income Settings
• 6.1 Likely Stakeholder Positions toward a Reform That Aims at Greater Compliance with Guidelines for Rational Use of Drugs
• 7.1 Ghana: Pharmaceutical Sector Data, 2008
• 7.2 Pharmaceutical Sector Challenges in Ghana
• 8.1 Likely Trends in the Pharmaceutical Sector, 2010–20