White Sand Black Beach

Civil Rights, Public Space, and Miami's Virginia Key

Bush, Gregory W, Gregory W. Bush

• Publisher: University Press of Florida
• Year: 2016
• Print ISBN: 9780813062648
• eBook ISBN: 9780813059617
• Topic: History
• Subtopic: African American History
• Index: History

Florida Historical Society Harry T. and Hariette V. Moore Award

Florida Book Awards, Silver Medal for Florida Nonfiction

In May 1945, activists staged a “wade-in” at a whites-only beach in Miami, protesting the Jim Crow–era laws that denied blacks access to recreational waterfront areas. Pressured by protestors in this first postwar civil rights demonstration, the Dade County Commission ultimately designated the difficult-to-access Virginia Key as a beach for African Americans. The beach became vitally important to the community, offering a place to congregate with family and friends and to enjoy the natural wonders of the area. It was also a tangible victory in the continuing struggle for civil rights in public space.

As Florida beaches were later desegregated, many viewed Virginia Key as symbolic of an oppressive past and ceased to patronize it. At the same time, white leaders responded to desegregation by decreasing attention to and funding for public spaces in general. The beach was largely ignored and eventually shut down.

In White Sand Black Beach, historian and longtime Miami activist Gregory Bush recounts this unique story and the current state of the public waterfront in Miami. Recently environmentalists, community leaders, and civil rights activists have come together to revitalize the beach, and Bush highlights the potential to stimulate civic engagement in public planning processes. While local governments defer to booster and lobbying interests pushing for destination casinos and boat shows, Bush calls for a land ethic that connects people to the local environment. He seeks to shift the local political divisions beyond established interest groups and neoliberalism to a broader vision that simplifies human needs, and reconnects people to fundamental values such as health. A place of fellowship, relaxation, and interaction with nature, this beach, Bush argues, offers a common ground of hope for a better future.
 

Table of contents

• Cover
• Title Page
• Copyright
• Dedication
• Contents
• List of Illustrations
• Acknowledgments
• Introduction: The Struggle for the Civil Right to Public Space in Miami
• 1. Wade-In: Lawson Thomas and the Potent Combination of Direct Action and Negotiation
• 2. Beyond Colored Town: The Changing Boundaries of Race Relations and African American Community Life in Miami, 1896–1945
• 3. Island Pleasures: Memories of African American Life at Virginia Key Beach
• 4. The Shifting Sands of Civil Rights in Southeast Florida, 1945–1976
• 5. Public Land by the Sea: Developing Virginia Key, 1945–1976
• 6. The Erosion of a “World-Class” Urban Paradise: Tourism, the Environmental Movement, and Planning Related to Virginia Key Beach, 1982–1998
• 7. Forging Our Civil Right to Public Space, 1999–2015
• Afterword: The Real Miami; Better than a Theme Park
• Notes
• Bibliography
• Index