Teachers for Rural Schools

Experiences in Lesotho, Malawi, Mozambique, Tanzania, and Uganda

Aidan G Mulkeen, Dandan Chen

• Publisher: World Bank Publications
• Year: 2008
• eBook ISBN: 9780821374801
• Edition: 0
• Topic: Economics
• Subtopic: Economic Theory
• Index: Economics

Much is going well with the effort to provide universal primary education in Sub-Saharan Africa. Gross enrollment rates have increased from 78 percent in 1998/99 to 91 percent in 2002/03; sizable investments have greatly improved school infrastructure and access; and large numbers of new teachers have been recruited. But educating the children in remote rural areas continues to be a challenge. Schools in hard-to-reach locations find it difficult to attract and retain teachers. Therefore, the deployment, effectiveness, management, and support of teachers in these areas require special attention and action. Such issues are thoroughly examined in this book, which also includes case studies from Lesotho, Malawi, Mozambique, Tanzania, and Uganda. The country studies give rich insights into the potential and drawbacks of specific policy options. 'Teachers for Rural Schools' provides information that will be invaluable in its practicality to policy makers and practitioners responsible for educating rural populations. It will also appeal to anyone interested in Africa, development, education, public policy, and social welfare.

Table of contents

• Contents
• Foreword
• Acknowledgments
• Abbreviations
• EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
• CHAPTER 1. TEACHER DEPLOYMENT, UTILIZATION, AND MANAGEMENT: POLICY AND PRACTICE
• CHAPTER 2. COUNTRY REPORT: LESOTHO
• CHAPTER 3. COUNTRY REPORT: MALAWI
• CHAPTER 4. COUNTRY REPORT: MOZAMBIQUE
• CHAPTER 5. COUNTRY REPORT: TANZANIA
• CHAPTER 6. COUNTRY REPORT: UGANDA
• References
• Index
• Box 1.1 Example of a Teacher Deployment Dilemma
• Box 1.2 The Challenge of Efficient Utilization in Small Schools
• Figure 1.1 Gross Enrollment Rate in Primary Education in Sub-Saharan Africa, 1960–2002
• Figure 2.1 Number of Teachers Recruited Annually, 1985–2004
• Figure 3.1 Estimated Demand for and Supply of Trained Teachers, 2005–15
• Figure 4.1 Student Distribution by Level of Education, 1992–99
• Figure 4.2 Teacher Salaries at the N4 Level, 1992–99
• Table 1.1 Summary of Rural-Urban Differences in Schooling in Five Countries
• Table 1.2 Teachers and Training in Mozambique, by Province, 2004
• Table 1.3 School Data in Malawi, by Urban or Rural Location, 2004
• Table 1.4 School Data for Six Rural Zones in Malawi, 2004
• Table 1.5 Percentage of Unqualified Teachers in Lesotho, by Gender and Ecological Zone, 2004
• Table 1.6 Teacher Data for Nine Rural Schools in Lesotho, 2005
• Table 1.7 Incentives to Encourage Teachers to Move to Rural Areas, 2005
• Table 2.1 Projected Demand for Teachers in Lesotho, 2005–30
• Table 2.2 Percentage of Teachers and Pupils Who Are Female, by Location, 2004
• Table 2.3 Attrition of Primary School Teachers, by Cause and Data Source, 2004
• Table 2.4 HIV Infection Rates in Lesotho
• Table 2.5 Qualified Teachers, 1999–2003
• Table 2.6 Size of Primary Schools, by District, 2004
• Table 2.7 Percentage of Unqualified Teachers, by Gender and Location, 2004
• Table 2.8 Teacher Supply in Nine Rural Schools, 2004
• Table 2.9 Percentage of Repeaters, by Gender and Location, 2004
• Table 2.10 Test Scores for Lesotho, by Location, 2001
• Table 2.11 Annual Salaries for Primary School Teachers, 2005
• Table 2.12 National Expenditure on Education, 2004
• Table 2.13 Composition of Management and Advisory School Committees
• Table 3.1 Projected Demand for Teachers in Malawi, 2004–15
• Table 3.2 Teachers’ Level of Educational Attainment, 2004
• Table 3.3 Teachers Qualified under the Malawi Integrated In-service Teacher Education Programme
• Table 3.4 Number and Training of Qualified Teachers, 2004
• Table 3.5 Estimated Supply of Trained Teachers, 2004–10
• Table 3.6 Teacher Attrition, 2004
• Table 3.7 Teacher Death Rate, 1995–2004
• Table 3.8 Teaching Posts and Training, 2000–04
• Table 3.9 Estimated Supply of Trained Teachers, 2005–15
• Table 3.10 Estimated Supply of and Demand for Qualified Teachers, 2005–15
• Table 3.11 Teacher Salaries (Annual) by Pay Grade, 2005
• Table 3.12 Breakdown of Teachers by Grade, 2004
• Table 3.13 Teacher Salaries and the National Budget, 2005
• Table 3.14 Schools, Teachers, and Pupil-Teacher Ratios, by Location, 2004
• Table 3.15 Location of Teachers, by Level of Education, 2004
• Table 3.16 Gender of Teachers, by Location, 2004
• Table 3.17 Differences in Characteristics among Select Rural Zones, 2004
• Table 3.18 Main Languages of Malawi
• Table 3.19 Double- and Single-Shift School Sessions, 2004
• Table 4.1 Gross and Net Enrollment Rates at EP1 in Mozambique, by Province, 2004
• Table 4.2 Three Scenarios for Teacher Demand at EP1, 2005–15
• Table 4.3 Training Status of EP1 Teachers, 2004
• Table 4.4 Teacher Training Intakes, 2004
• Table 4.5 Teacher Deaths in Service, 2000–04
• Table 4.6 Salary Levels by Qualification and Assignment, 2005
• Table 4.7 Teacher Salaries at Levels N3–N5, 2004
• Table 4.8 National Expenditure on Education, 2004
• Table 4.9 Incentive Payment for Teachers, by Location, 2005
• Table 4.10 Monthly Income of Teachers, by Qualification, Location of School, and School Schedule
• Table 4.11 Trained and Untrained EP1 Teachers, 2004
• Table 4.12 Pupil-Teacher Ratio and Pupil–Qualified Teacher Ratio, by Province, 2004
• Table 4.13 Grades 1 and 2 Completion and Survival, by Province, 2004
• Table 4.14 Student Achievement in Reading and Mathematics, by Location
• Table 4.15 Student Achievement, by Location and Teacher Characteristics
• Table 4.16 Primary Enrollment by Grade and Class, 2004
• Table 4.17 Primary Enrollment by Province and Class Structure, 2004
• Table 4.18 Teachers’ Disciplinary Records, 1999–2004
• Table 5.1 Breakdown of School Population and Staffing in Tanzania by Gender and Region, 2004
• Table 5.2 Teachers Being Upgraded in Qualification in Three Regions, by Gender and Location, 2005
• Table 5.3 Distribution of Primary School Teachers in Three Regions, by Gender and Location, 2005
• Table 5.4 Calculation of Number of Teachers Required, 2005 and 2010
• Table 5.5 Housing for Teachers, by Region, 2005
• Table 5.6 Housing for Teachers in Rural and Urban Schools, by Region, 2005
• Table 6.1 Enrollment, Pupil-Teacher Ratio, and Teacher Demand in Uganda, 2005
• Table 6.2 Projected Supply of Teachers, 2004–15
• Table 6.3 Student Achievement in English, Mathematics, and Physics, 2001–04
• Table 6.4 Outputs of Primary Teacher Colleges, 1989 and 1995–2002