Productivity Machines

German Appropriations of American Technology from Mass Production to Computer Automation

Corinna Schlombs, Thomas J. Misa, William Aspray

• Publisher: The MIT Press
• Year: 2019
• Topic: Technology & Engineering
• eBook ISBN:
  9780262353724
• Subtopic: Technology & Engineering Research & Skills
• Index: Technology & Engineering

The concept of productivity originated in a statistical measure of output per worker or per work-hour, calculated by the US Bureau of Labor Statistics. A broader productivity culture emerged in 1920s America, as Henry Ford and others linked methods of mass production and consumption to high wages and low prices. These ideas were studied eagerly by a Germany in search of economic recovery after World War I, and, decades later, the Marshall Plan promoted productivity in its efforts to help post–World War II Europe rebuild. In Productivity Machines, Corinna Schlombs examines the transatlantic history of productivity technology and culture in the two decades before and after World War II. She argues for the interpretive flexibility of productivity: different groups viewed productivity differently at different times. Although it began as an objective measure, productivity came to be emblematic of the American economic system; post-World War II West Germany, however, adapted these ideas to its own political and economic values.

Schlombs explains that West German unionists cast a doubtful eye on productivity's embrace of plant-level collective bargaining; unions fought for codetermination—the right to participate in corporate decisions. After describing German responses to US productivity, Schlombs offers an in-depth look at labor relations in one American company in Germany—that icon of corporate America, IBM. Finally, Schlombs considers the emergence of computer technology—seen by some as a new symbol of productivity but by others as the means to automate workers out of their jobs.

Table of contents

• Cover
• Title Page
• Copyright Page
• Dedication
• Contents
• Acknowledgments
• Introduction
• 1 Measuring Productivity at the US Bureau of Labor Statistics
• 2 Weimar Rationalization Appropriates American Productivity
• 3 The Marshall Plan’s Productivity Revolution
• 4 US Management and Labor Debate Political and Economic Values of Productivity
• 5 German Perceptions of US Productivity
• 6 Codetermining German Labor Relations
• 7 IBM: An American Corporation in Germany
• 8 Computing Technology: Productivity Promise or Automation Threat?
• Conclusion
• Notes
• Bibliography
• Index