Zoning China

Online Video, Popular Culture, and the State

Luzhou Li, Sandra Braman

• Publisher: The MIT Press
• Year: 2019
• eBook ISBN: 9780262355889
• Edition: 0
• Topic: Social Sciences
• Subtopic: Public Communication Policy
• Index: Social Sciences

In Zoning China, Luzhou Li investigates why the Chinese government regulates online video relatively leniently while tightly controlling what appears on broadcast television. Li argues that television has largely been the province of the state, even as the market has dominated the development of online video. Thus online video became a space where people could question state media and the state's preferred ideological narratives about the nation, history, and society. Li connects this relatively unregulated arena to the "second channel" that opened up in the early days of economic reform—piracy in all its permutations. She compares the dual cultural sphere to China's economic zoning; the marketized domain of online video is the cultural equivalent of the Special Economic Zones, which were developed according to market principles in China's coastal cities.

Li explains that although the relaxed oversight of online video may seem to represent a loosening of the party-state's grip on media, the practice of cultural zoning in fact demonstrates the the state's strategic control of the media environment. She describes how China's online video industry developed into an original, creative force of production and distribution that connected domestic private production companies, transnational corporations, and a vast network of creative labor from amateurs to professional content creators. Li notes that China has increased state management of the internet since 2014, signaling that online and offline censorship standards may be unified. Cultural zoning as a technique of cultural governance, however, will likely remain.

Table of contents

• Cover
• Contents
• Series Editor’s Introduction
• Acknowledgments
• 1. Introduction
• 2. Culture before the Millennium
• 3. Stay Left: Post-2000 Television Drama Production in China
• 4. Early Online Video: A Political Economic Perspective
• 5. Piracy, Internet Culture, and the Early Online Video Industry
• 6. Bidding on the Rights to Stream: The Industry, Copyright, and New Cultural Flows
• 7. Online Video as an Emerging Network of Cultural Production
• 8. Epilogue: The Operation of a Dual Cultural Sphere ... And?
• Appendix
• Notes
• Bibliography
• Index