Surviving Rome

The Economic Lives of the Ninety Percent

Kim Bowes

• Publisher: Princeton University Press
• Year: 2025
• Print ISBN: 9780691273341, 9780691273334
• eBook ISBN: 9780691273358
• Topic: History
• Subtopic: Economic History
• Index: History

A radical revision—and worker’s-eye view—of everything we thought we knew about the ancient Roman economy

The story of ancient Rome is predominantly one of great men with great fortunes. Surviving Rome unearths another history, one of ordinary Romans, who worked with their hands and survived through a combination of grit and grinding labor.

Focusing on the working majority, Kim Bowes tells the stories of people like the tenant farmer Epimachus, Faustilla the moneylender, and the pimp Philokles. She reveals how the economic changes of the period created a set of bitter challenges and opportunistic hustles for everyone from farmers and craftspeople to day laborers and slaves. She finds working people producing a consumer revolution, making and buying all manner of goods from fine pottery to children’s toys. Many of the poorest working people probably pieced together a living from multiple sources of income, including wages. And she suggests that Romans’ most daunting challenge was the struggle to save. Like many modern people, saving enough to buy land or start a business was a slow, precarious slog. Bowes shows how these economies of survival were shared by a wide swath of the populace, blurring the lines between genders, ages, and legal status.

Drawing on new archaeological and textual evidence, Surviving Rome presents a radical new perspective on the economy of ancient Rome while speaking to the challenges of today’s laborers and gig workers surviving in an unforgiving global world.

Table of contents

• Cover
• Title Page
• Copyright
• Contents
• List of Illustrations
• Acknowledgments
• Maps
• Introduction: Getting Down to Work
• 1. Let’s Settle Up
• 2. A World Full of Things
• 3. Farmer Soterichos Goes to Market
• 4. Eight Jobs
• 5. The 90 Percent and Their Money
• 6. The Load-Carrying Mother
• 7. The Bottom Line
• Weights and Measures of the Roman World
• Appendix 1. A World Full of Things: Consumption Data
• Appendix 2. Smallholder Farms and Their Outputs
• Appendix 3. Cost of Living Calculations
• Appendix 4. Tebtunis grapheion, Transaction Types and Averages
• Appendix 5. Human Skeletal Remains, Italy and Britain: Data and Bibliography
• Notes
• Bibliography
• Index