Where Histories Meet

Indigenous and Settler Encounters in the Toronto Area

Victoria Freeman

• Publisher: Bighorn Books
• Year: 2025
• eBook ISBN: 9781773856469
• Edition: 0

Where Histories Meet traces the histories of the Toronto region's Indigenous peoples and their relations with settlers, focusing on the period from the colonial treaties of the 1780s to the Indian Act of 1876. Created in consultation with five local First Nations, this groundbreaking study brings archival records, oral memory, and the voices of Indigenous Elders and knowledge keepers into respectful dialogue to understand the colonial dynamics that still structure Indigenous-Canadian relationships today.

Beginning with a deep history of Indigenous presence in the region, Victoria Freeman explores the significance of the Toronto Carrying Place portage route and how treaties and changes to the land through agriculture, logging, milling, and settlement impacted local Indigenous Nations. She reveals how the building of Yonge Street facilitated government and missionary attempts to transform Indigenous peoples into Christian farmers and how immigration and Indigenous dispossession were fundamentally linked.

Freeman highlights the creative ways that Indigenous communities sought to resist, subvert, or adapt to increasing government control, even as they were increasingly isolated on small reserves. She explores the differing interpretations among local First Nations regarding past conflicts and agreements that profoundly shape present-day struggles over land claims, consultation, and revenue-sharing.

Where Histories Meet tells the stories of individual people, their families, and their wider networks, revealing the interconnections between Indigenous peoples and settlers in the fur trade, warfare, treaty-making, missionization, and governance. Freeman presents the past in its full complexity, without homogenizing Indigenous or settler experiences or perspectives

Table of contents

• Contents
• Maps
• Introduction: Where Histories Meet
• Part One: The Toronto Carrying Place
• Founding York
• Changing Relationships
• The Civilizational Agenda
• Agency in Times of Struggle
• New Strategies for Dark Times
• Acknowledgements
• Selected Bibliography
• Map Credits
• Notes
• Index