NOTES
OF CORSICAN HOSPITALITY
1. Arthur Rimbaud, âEternity,â in Rimbaud: Complete Works, Selected Letters: A Bilingual Edition, trans. Wallace Fowlie (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2005), 187.
2. René Goscinny and Albert Uderzo, Asterix in Corsica, trans. Anthea Bell and Derek Hockridge (London: Orion, 2004), 20.
3. A Corsican word meaning pointed or high-pitched, pinzutu is used to characterize the accent of the French from the mainland and especially from Paris. âTrans.
4. At the beginning of the twentieth century, Trieste, which had been part of Austria since 1382, became one of the main seats of the âirredentistâ movement that sought the annexation to Italy of all lands that had historically been inhabited by Italians. âTrans.
5. See, for example, after Milman Parry, Moses Finleyâs The World of Odysseus (New York: NYRB, 2002).
6. La patrie can be translated into English both by homeland or fatherland. Depending on the context, I opt for one or the other. For example, when Aeneas is said to be leaving Troy with his father, Anchises, on his shoulders, la patrie lends itself more readily to fatherland. I also opt for fatherland when langue maternelle (mother tongue) and patrie are being discussed together. âTrans.
7. Jacques Derrida, Learning to Live Finally, trans. Pascale-Anne Brault and Michael Naas (Hoboken, N.J.: Melville House, 2007), 38.
8. The line is from Charles Baudelaire, âThe Voyage,â in The Poems and Prose Poems of Charles Baudelaire, trans. Francis Scarfe (New York: Brentanoâs, 1919), 88. âTrans.
9. See AndrĂ© Bolzinger, Histoire de la nostalgie (Paris: Ăditions Campagne PremiĂšre, 2007), which shows how Hoferâs thesis (sixteen pages in 1688) was edited and âcompletedâ by Zwinger (1710) and then reedited by Haller (1745), who returns to the original text but with an error in the date (1678 instead of 1688)âwhence the hypothesis of a precursor by the name of Harder. See, also, on the relationship to medicine, Jean Starobinskiâs article âThe Idea of Nostalgia,â trans. William S. Kemp, Diogenes 14 (June 1966): 81â103, which is developed in his chapter âLa leçon de la nostalgieâ in Lâencre et la mĂ©lancolie (Paris: Ăditions du Seuil, 2012), 257â280.
10. Jean-Jacques Rousseau, A Complete Dictionary of Music, trans. William Warning (New York: AMS, 1975), 266â267.
11. The complete line reads: âHeureux qui comme Ulysse, a fait un beau voyage,â âHappy, the man who finds sweet journeyâs end, Like Odysseus.â Joachim du Bellay, The Regrets: A Bilingual Edition, trans. David R. Slavitt (Evanston, Ill.: Northwestern University Press, 2004), Regret 31, 77.
12. Cf. The Dictionary of Untranslatables: A Philosophical Lexicon, ed. Barbara Cassin, trans. Steven Rendall, Christian Hubert, Jeffrey Mehlman, Nathanael Stein, and Michael Syrotinski (Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 2014), in which all of these words have an entry.
13. Milan Kundera, The Art of the Novel, trans. Linda Asher (New York: Harper & Row, 1988), 128.
ODYSSEUS AND THE DAY OF RETURN
1. Homer, The Odyssey, trans. Richard Lattimore (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1951), XIX, 85. It is Odysseus as a foreign beggar who talks about Odysseus to Penelope. The same adjective is used for Telemachus, who has gone in search of his father: he is nostimos (IV, 806). Nostos is the key to the poem: âGlorious Odysseus, what you are after is sweet homecoming,â Tiresias tells him in Hades (XI, 100); Athena says this about Ithaca to Odysseus: âyour godlike wife . . . grieves over your homecomingâ (XIII, 378â379); the diviner who wanted to marry Penelope sought to keep at bay âthe end that sweet homecoming isâ (Odysseus kills him with the rest) (XXII, 310). âHave they stopped believing in my return?â is the anguished question Odysseus keeps asking himself.
2. I use, though sometimes with modifications for a more literal rendering, Victor BĂ©rardâs beautiful translation (Paris: Ăditions Armand Colin, 1931; Paris: Ăditions Les Belles Lettres, 1972), from which Paul Demont and Marie-Pierre NoĂ«l have erased the interventionist flights of fancy (Paris: Ăditions Livre de Poche, 1996), as well as Philippe Jacottetâs (Paris: Ăditions Maspero, 1982). In short, I retranslate.
3. RenĂ© Char, âPause at Cloaca Castle,â in The Brittle Age: and, Returning Upland, trans. Gustaf Sobin (Denver, Colo.: Counterpath, 2009), 111. This phrase was written under a small Braque painting that Char described in this way: âSisyphus as a bird, pushing his cloud of a rockâ (Sisyphe oiseau poussant son rocher nuage).
4. Friedrich Nietzsche, Human, All Too Human, I, trans. Gary Handwerk (Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Press, 1995), 180.
5. Friedrich Nietzsche, The Birth of Tragedy, trans. Douglas Smith (New York: Oxford University Press, 2000), 24â29.
6. To understand the meaning of aiĆn, which designates all the vital liquids, tears, blood, sperm, and sweat, and thus also life, time allotted, duration, eternity, see Richard Broxton Onians, âThe Stuff of Life,â in Philosophy of Plato and Aristotle (New York: Arno, 1973), 200.
7. Immanuel Kant, Anthropology from a Pragmatic Point of View, ed. Hans H. Rudnick, trans. Victor Lyle Dowdell (Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press), 69. âLater, when they visit these places, they find their anticipation dampened and even their homesickness cured. They think that everything has drastically changed, but it is that they cannot bring back their youth.â
8. Joachim du Bellay, The Regrets: A Bilingual Edition, trans. David R. Slavitt (Evanston, Ill.: Northwestern University Press, 2004), Regret 31, 77; translation modified. âTrans.
9. I use this scene as my point of departure in Comment faire vraiment des choses avec les mots, forthcoming with Fayard. [See Barbara Cassin, âSophistics, Rhetorics, and Performance; or, How to Really Do Things with Words,â trans. Andrew Goffey, Philosophy and Rhetoric 42, no. 4 (2009): 349â372. âTrans.]
10. Sigmund Freud, âThe Uncanny,â in The Standard Edition of the Complete Psychological Works of Sigmund Freud, vol. 17, 1917â1919: An Infantile Neurosis and Other Works, trans. James Strachey (London: Hogarth, 1958), 219.
11. The Greek terms are quite emphatic: ithakÄs hedos, the site of Ithaca (XIII, 344); khthĆn, the land (XIII, 352); gaiÄi, the earth (XIII, 354); zeidĆron arouran, the grain-giving ground (XIII, 354).
12. Cf. the article âMĂȘtisâ in The Dictionary of Untranslatables: A Philosophical Lexicon, ed. Barbara Cassin, trans. Steven Rendall, Christian Hubert, Jeffrey Mehlman, Nathanael Stein, and Michael Syrotinski (Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 2014), esp. the boxed text âUlysses: âMy name is no-body,â the first dramatization of mĂȘtis,â 658.
13. Parmenides, cited in The Presocratic Philosophers, ed. G. S. Kirk and J. E. Raven (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1957), 276; these lines from Parmenidesâ poem (VIII, 26â34) echo the Odyssey, XII, 158â164. I develop this comparison in ParmĂ©nide, sur la nature ou sur lâĂ©tant. Le grec, langue de lâĂȘtre? (Paris: Ăditions du Seuil, 1998), 53â60.
14. Or, rather, one more moment of recognition before the very last one, which is that of Laertes, Odysseusâs father, whom Odysseus will see last in his garden, as flea-ridden as his dog: the sure signs are the thirteen pear trees, the ten apple trees, the forty fig trees, and the vine stocks that the father had given to him as a child.
15. One can hear the echo between the stupor evoked by the tomb, taphos (XXIII, 93), and the blow that strikes Penelope, tethepen (XXIII, 105).
16. The phrase aspasios gÄ nÄkhomenoisi (XIII, 233) was deleted by the French translator BĂ©rard. It is usually the woman who represents the homeland, like Elfriede Heidegger, who laments: âYou are looking for your âhomelandâ [patrie] in other womenâalas, Martinâwhat has become of me?â Cited in Ma chĂšre petite Ăąme: Lettres de Martin Heidegger Ă sa femme Elfriede: 1915â1970 (Paris: Ăditions du Seuil, 2007), 406.
17. AndrĂ© Bolzinger, Histoire de la nostalgie (Paris: Ăditions Campagne PremiĂšre, 2007), 16â17.
18. Odyssey, XI, 121â137, where Odysseus makes Tiresias speak directly; and here, XXIII, 267â284, where Odysseus speaks of this to Penelope.
19. Lattimore too chooses to translate ex halos by âfrom the sea.â âTrans.
20. Odyssey, III, 266, quoted by Bolzinger (Histoire de la nostalgie, 59), who later warns us that âequating the obsession of the return home when you are elsewhere with the desire to go elsewhere when you are at home is the abstract fruit of a logic born of a libraryâ (213).
21. Parmenides: â[the way] on which mortals wander knowing nothing, two-headed; for helplessness guides the wandering thought in their breasts.â VI, lines 5â6; cited in Kirk and Raven, The Presocratics, 271.
22. Emmanuel Levinas, âThe Trace of the Other,â trans. Alphonso Lingis, in Deconstruction in Context, ed. Mark Taylor (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1986), 348. Cited by Ruedi Imbach in Dante, la philosophie et les laĂŻcs. Initiation Ă la philosophie mĂ©diĂ©vale (Paris: Ăditions du Cerf), 216.
23. Imbach, Dante, la philosophie et les laĂŻcs, 244.
24. I am combining in my own way something...