Analysis and Control of Flows in Pressurized Hydraulic Networks

PhD, UNESCO-IHE Institute, Delft

Rakesh Kumar Gupta

• Publisher: CRC Press
• Year: 2026
• Topic: Technology & Engineering
• eBook ISBN:
  9781040894972
• Subtopic: Environmental Management
• Index: Technology & Engineering

Water transmission and distribution systems are pressurized hydraulic networks, consisting of pipes and other appurtenant components such as reservoirs, pumps, valves and surge devices. Analysis, design and flow control problems in such systems can best be dealt with using network synthesis. This approach aims to directly determine design variables in order to achieve a specified behaviour of the system under steady state or transient flow conditions. There are enormous advantages to be achieved in applying such a model to a wide variety of problems in engineering practice. The innovative theoretical framework described in this thesis, incorporates necessary and sufficient conditions for solvability, as well as methods/algorithms for the efficient solution of network problems.

Table of contents

• Cover
• Half Title
• Title Page
• Copyright Page
• Acknowledgements
• Dedication
• Table of Contents
• Abstract
• Notation
• 1 Introduction
• 1.1 Introduction and Motivations
• 1.2 Network Flow Models and Network Problems
• 1.3 Scope of the Study
• 1.4 Structure of the Thesis and Conventions Used
• 2 Background and Objectives of the Study
• 2.1 Analysis and Control of Flows : Developments and Issues
• 2.1.1 Hydraulic simulation of steady state and system Component design
• 2.1.2 Operation and control of flows and transient System component design
• 2.2 Objectives of the Study
• 2.3 The Network Synthesis Framework
• 2.4 Concluding Remarks
• 3 A Generalized Network Model
• 3.1 A Graph-theoretical Model of Pipe Network
• 3.2 Network Boundary Conditions : Types of Elements in a Network Graph
• 3.3 Algebraic and Topological Properties of a Network Graph
• 3.4 Series and Parallel Connections : Equivalent Element
• 3.5 Definition of Matrices and Vectors
• 3.6 Network Flow Models
• 3.7 Concluding Remarks
• 4 Network Solvability
• 4.1 A Critical Review of Past Solvability Rules
• 4.2 Theorems Defining Necessary and Sufficient Conditions for the Existence and Uniqueness of a solution
• 4.2.1 Implications of the First Six Necessary Conditions
• 4.2.2 Network Equations Based on Spanning Trees T13a and T14a
• 4.3 concluding remarks
• 5 Steady State Simulation : An Optimization Approach
• 5.1 Analysis and Analysis-Design Problems
• 5.2 Hydraulic Content and Co-content
• 5.3 Optimization Model for the Solution of Analysis Problem
• 5.3.1 Non-linear programming formulation
• 5.3.2 State equations and state variables
• 5.3.3 Partial direct solution and partial iterative solution
• 5.3.4 Optimization model
• 5.4 Optimization Model for the Solution of Analysis-Design Problem
• 5.4.1 Non-linear programming formulation
• 5.4.2 State equations and state variables
• 5.4.3 Partial direct solution and partial iterative solution
• 5.4.4 Optimization model
• 5.5 Method of Solution
• 5.6 Solution of Analysis and Analysis-Design Problem
• 5.7 Applications of the Analysis and Analysis-Design Problems
• 5.8 Concluding Remarks
• 6 Principles of Control of Pressure Surges
• 6.1 Principles of Control of Pressure Surges : Transient Design
• 6.2 Control of Pressure Surges in a Single Reservoir-Pipe-Valve System
• 6.2.1 Frictionless case
• 6.2.2 Linearised frictional case
• 6.3 Control of Pressure Surges in Networks
• 6.3.1 Mathematical formulation for determined model
• 6.3.2 Solution algorithm : Partial numerical solution and partial direct solution
• 6.3.3 Advantages of the algorithm
• 6.4 Network Controllability : Partial and Full Control Problems
• 6.5 Applications of Determined Models
• 6.6 Concluding Remarks
• 7 Optimal Control of Pressure Surges by Valve Operations
• 7.1 Principles of Optimal Control
• 7.2 Mathematical Formulation : State Equations and State Variables
• 7.3 An Optimization Model for Optimal Control of Pressure Surges
• 7.3.1 Objective function
• 7.3.2 Optimization model
• 7.4 A Single Reservoir-Pipe-Valve System
• 7.5 Determination of Weights at Nodes
• 7.6 Application Examples
• 7.7 Concluding Remarks
• 8 Transient System Component Design for Pressure Surges
• 8.1 A general Algorithm for Transient System Component Design
• 8.2 Application to Surge Tank Design
• 8.2.1 Optimization model
• 8.2.2 Examples of application in the field of hydropower systems
• 8.3 Application to Design of Valve Operations
• 8.3.1 Optimization model
• 8.3.2 Example of application to pipe networks
• 8.4 Concluding Remarks
• 9 Control of Transients Using Elastic Model
• 9.1 Pipe Flow Basic Equations and Dimensionless Parameters
• 9.2 Error Between elastic and Rigid Models for a Single 128 Reservoir-Pipe-Valve System
• 9.2.1 Case of instantaneous closure of valve
• 9.2.2 Influence of prescribed discharge laws
• 9.3 Control of Transients Using Rigid Model Valve Operations
• 9.4 Control of Transients Using Elastic Model
• 9.4.1 Control of transients with defined residual transients
• 9.5 Concluding Remarks
• 10 General Conclusions and Recommendations
• 10.1 General Conclusions
• 10.2 Recommendations for Further Study
• Appendix A Networks and Theory of Graphs
• Appendix B Results Concerning NLP Formulation of Analysis and Analysis-Design Problems
• Appendix C Algorithm for the Generation of Spanning Trees T13a and T14a
• References
• List of Publications Arising Out of Present Study