Every Man's Home a Castle

Parental Rights and the Makings of Modern Conservatism

Julia Bowes

• Publisher: Princeton University Press
• Year: 2026
• Print ISBN:
  9780691276878
  9780691276861
• eBook ISBN:
  9780691289267
• Topic: Politics & International Relations
• Subtopic: North American History
• Index: Politics & International Relations

The emergence of parental rights as a conservative movement spurred by the presumed right of white men to govern their homes

“Parental rights” is a rallying cry for today’s American conservatives, signaling opposition to mandatory vaccination and “woke” public school curricula. In Every Man’s Home a Castle, Julia Bowes traces the origins of the modern parental rights movement to the nineteenth century, when the introduction of compulsory schooling laws, child labor regulations, and vaccine requirements provoked a resistance rooted in the presumed right of white men to govern their homes. A wide-ranging coalition—including Irish Catholic immigrants in Illinois, Mormon enclaves in Utah, and Protestant clergy in Virginia—believed that the state had usurped the “natural rights” of parents and “invaded the home.”

Bowes shows how, by the turn of the century, those disparate voices had coalesced into national conservative movements. Anti-vaccinationists, alternative medical practitioners, and parents who opposed compulsory school medical exams joined forces to form the National League for Medical Freedom. Deciding a case brought by conservative Catholic lawyers, the Supreme Court declared parental rights a “fundamental liberty” protected by the Fourteenth Amendment. And the Sentinels of the Republic, a conservative citizen’s lobby, mobilized a campaign to defeat the proposed federal Child Labor Amendment, bringing together pro-family and free-market politics with far-reaching consequences.

Exploring the emergence of parental rights as an antistatist ideology through legal cases, legislative debates, and political movements, Bowes argues that the expansion of state power over children provoked such fierce opposition because the paternal rights of white men—considered the “rights-bearing” individuals of American democracy—were widely viewed as the mark and measure of their independence.

Table of contents

• Cover Page
• Title Page
• Copyright Page
• Contents
• Introduction
• 1. Law, Ideology, and the End of the “Empire of the Father”
• 2. “The Once Paternal Duty of Education Transferred Bodily to the State”: The Spread of Compulsory Schooling
• 3. Compulsory Vaccination, Medical Examinations in Schools, and the Development of National Anti-Statist Politics
• 4. The Supreme Court and Fundamental Parental Rights
• 5. The Defeat of the Federal Child Labor Amendment
• Epilogue: From the Liberty of Men to Moms for Liberty
• Acknowledgments
• Notes
• Index