Agrarian Capitalism in Theory and Practice

Susan Archer Mann

• Publisher: The University of North Carolina Press
• Year: 2017
• Print ISBN: 9780807857106, 9780807818855
• eBook ISBN: 9781469639727
• Topic: Economics
• Subtopic: Labour Economics
• Index: Economics

Susan Mann focuses on a longstanding controversy in sociological theory: why has agriculture been traditionally resistant to wage labor? Capitalist develoment has been slower and more uneven in agriculture than in other spheres of production, and major parts of the rural economy remain almost preindustrial in their reliance on family labor, lack of separation between industry and household, and failure to develop a highly specialized division of labor. Emphasizing the agriculture of the American South, Mann adopts an interdisciplinary approach, drawing insights from history and economics as well as sociology.

Mann points out that most theories of agrarian capitalism -- both Marxist and non-Marxist -- ignore the implications of agriculture as a production process centered in nature, with natural features that cannot be synchronized easily into the tempos required by industrial production. She argues that various natural and technical features of agricultural production, such as the relatively lengthy production time of certain crops and the irregular labor requirements imposed by seasonal production, make some types of farming particularly risky avenues for capitalist investment.

To test this pioneering theory of natural obstacles to rural capitalist development, Mann creatively combines diverse research methodologies. Analyzing U.S. Agricultural Census data, she shows the correlations between type of agricultural commodity or crop produced, the natural and technical features of these rural commodities, and the use of wage labor. Using an historical-comparative approach, she investigates the persistence of nonwage labor in American cotton production after the Civil War. She examines why sharecropping, rather than wage labor, replaced slavery in the older cotton-producing regions of the southeastern United States. She then discusses the domestic and international factors that finally led to the demise of sharecropping and the rise of wage labor in the decades following the Great Depression.

In this historical study of the rise and demise of sharecropping, the interplay between nature, gender, race, and class is highlighted. By closely examining both natural and social obstacles to wage labor within the context of a global economy, Mann presents not only an intriguing analysis of agrarian capitalist development but also an entirely new framework for examining the social history of the American South.

Originally published in 1990.

A UNC Press Enduring Edition -- UNC Press Enduring Editions use the latest in digital technology to make available again books from our distinguished backlist that were previously out of print. These editions are published unaltered from the original, and are presented in affordable paperback formats, bringing readers both historical and cultural value.

Index

Absolute rent: defined, 160 (n. 5). See also Rent

Acrylic fibers, 123, 174 (n. 30)

Agrarian capitalism, theories of: Weber, 6, 20–24, 26–27, 157 (nn. 19, 19); Marx, 6–12, 27–41; Engels, 9; Lenin, 9–14, 156 (n. 10); Kautsky, 14, 26, 29; dependency and world-systems, 15–20; J. E. Davis, 18–20; Chayanov, 22–23, 26–67, 158 (n. 29); Bonnano, 24; Mooney, 24, 147–52; Friedmann, 24–26; Goodman, Sorj, and Wilkinson, 38–39, 42–46. See also Capitalism; Mann-Dickinson thesis

Agrarian question, 1, 4, 12, 27, 42

Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA), 100–103, 112, 113, 172 (nn. 7, 8, 14). See also Government intervention; New Deal

Agricultural-industrial differences: labor force, 2–3, 39–40; role of nature, 3, 14, 26–28, 47; role of land, 30; organic composition of capital, 29–30, 52–54; turnover of capital, 34–36; marketing, 36–38; use of machinery, 38–39; specialization, 62–64; in South, 79

Agriculture: defined, 2, 28. See also Agricultural-industrial differences

American Farm Bureau Federation, 102

American rural sociology, 5, 12, 15, 27, 42, 155 (n. 1), 156 (n. 12), 157 (nn. 13, 13). See also Agrarian capitalism, theories of; New sociology of agriculture

Amin, Samir, 16–17

Appropriationism, 43–44, 117, 136, 138–39; defined, 43

Aquaculture, 153–54, 177 (nn. 1-3)

Bakker, Hans, 21

Biological determinism, 32

Biotechnology, 42–44, 139, 162 (n. 22), 176 (n. 15)

Black Codes, 79

Black labor, control of, 77–84; forms of, 80–84, 87–88, 168 (nn. 9, 9), 172 (n. 15). See also Freedpeople; Sharecropping; Slavery

Black power thesis, 80–81, 169 (n. 19)

Blumenfeld, Emily, 131–35, 175 (nn. 7, 7)

Boll weevil, 79,...

Table of contents

• Cover Page
• Title Page
• Copyright Page
• Dedication
• Contents
• Tables
• Figures
• Acknowledgments
• Introduction
• One The New Sociology of Agrarian Capitalism
• Two Natural Obstacles to Agrarian Capitalism
• Three Capitalism in American Agriculture
• Four Hands That Picked Cotton: From Slavery to Sharecropping
• Five Hands That Picked Cotton: From Sharecropping to Wage Labor
• Six The Civilization of Nature
• Conceptual Dilemmas Presented by the Modern Agricultural Landscape
• A Reconsideration of Patrick Mooney’s Critique of the Mann-Dickinson Thesis
• Aquaculture: A Nonfarm Application of the Mann-Dickinson Thesis
• Notes
• Bibliography
• Index