Layered Two-Dimensional Heterostructures and Their Tunneling Characteristics

Sergio C. de la Barrera

• Publisher: Springer
• Year: 2017
• Print ISBN:
  9783319692562
• eBook ISBN:
  9783319692579
• Topic: Physical Sciences
• Subtopic: Condensed Matter

This thesis demonstrates that layered heterostructures of two-dimensional crystals graphene, hexagonal boron nitride, and transition metal dichalcogenides provide new and interesting interlayer transport phenomena. Low-energy electron microscopy is employed to study the surface of atomically thin WSe2 prepared by metal-organic chemical vapor deposition on epitaxial graphene substrates, and a method for unambiguously measuring the number of atomic layers is presented. Using very low-energy electrons to probe the surface of similar heterostructures, a relationship between extracted work function differences from the layers and the nature of the electrical contact between them is revealed. An extension of this analysis is applied to surface studies of MoSe2 prepared by molecular beam epitaxy on epitaxial graphene. A large work function difference is measured between the MoSe2 and graphene, and a model is provided which suggests that this observation results from an exceptional defect density in the MoSe2 film. The thesis expounds a theory for computing tunneling currents between two-dimensional crystals separated by a thin insulating barrier; a few situations resulting in resonant tunneling and negative differential resistance are illustrated by computed examples, as well as observed characteristics, for monolayer and bilayer graphene tunneling junctions and transistors.

Table of contents

• Supervisor's Foreword
• Acknowledgements
• Contents
• 1 Introduction
• 2 Experimental Methods
• 3 Thickness Characterization of Tungsten Diselenide Using Electron Reflectivity Oscillations
• 4 Tunneling Transport Between Transition Metal Dichalcogenides
• 5 Application of Work Function Extraction Method to Material Characterization
• 6 Theoretical Background
• 7 Theory of Graphene–Insulator–Graphene Tunnel Junctions
• 8 Tunneling Between Bilayers of Graphene
• 9 Progress Toward 2D Tunneling Devices
• 10 Conclusions
• Appendix A 2D–2D Tunneling in the Zero-Coherence-Length Limit
• Appendix B Details of Resonant Tunneling Model for Graphene and Its Bilayers
• Appendix C Resonant Tunneling Between Transition Metal Dichalcogenides
• Vita