The Making of Modern Japan

John Harington Gubbins

The Making of Modern Japan By John Harington GubbinsUnlike some other reproductions of classic texts (1) We have not used OCR(Optical Character Recognition), as this leads to bad quality books with introduced typos. (2) In books where there are images such as portraits, maps, sketches etc We have endeavoured to keep the quality of these images, so they represent accurately the original artefact. Although occasionally there may be certain imperfections with these old texts, we feel they deserve to be made available for future generations to enjoy. The Making of Modern Japan By John Harington Gubbins

Table of contents

• PREFACE
• CHAPTER I Early History—the Great Reform—Adoption of Chinese Culture
• CHAPTER II Establishment of Feudalism and Duarchy—the Shōgunate and the Throne—Early Foreign Relations—Christian Persecution and Closure of Country
• CHAPTER III the Tokugawa Shōguns—Consolidation of Duarchy
• CHAPTER IV Political Conditions—Reopening of Japan to Foreign Intercourse—Conclusion of Treaties—Decay of Shōgunate
• CHAPTER V Anti-Foreign Feeling—Chōshiū Rebellion—Mikado’s Ratification of Treaties—Prince Kéiki—Restoration Movement—Civil War—Fall of Shōgunate
• CHAPTER VI Japanese Chronology—Satsuma and Chōshiū Clans—the “Charter Oath.”
• CHAPTER VII New Government—Clan Feeling in Satsuma—Administrative Changes—Reformers and Reactionaries
• CHAPTER VIII Abolition of Feudal System—Reconstitution of Classes—Effects of Abolition of Feudalism
• CHAPTER IX Effects of Abolition of Feudalism on Agricultural Class—Changes in Land Tenure—Land-Tax Revision
• CHAPTER X Missions to Foreign Governments—Hindrances to Reform—Language Difficulties—Attitude of Foreign Powers
• CHAPTER XI Changes and Reforms—Relations with China and Korea—Rupture in Ministry—Secession of Tosa and Hizen Leaders—Progress of Reforms—Annexation of Loochoo—Discontent of Former Military Class
• CHAPTER XII Local Risings—Satsuma Rebellion—Two-Clan Government.
• CHAPTER XIII Japanese Religions before Restoration: Shintō and Buddhism.
• CHAPTER XIV Japanese Religions after Restoration: Christianity—Bushidō—Religious Observances.
• CHAPTER XV Political Unrest—The Press—Press Laws—Conciliation and Repression—Legal Reforms—Failure of Yezo Colonization Scheme—Ōkuma’s Withdrawal—Increased Political Agitation.
• CHAPTER XVI Promise of Representative Government—Political Parties—Renewed Unrest—Local Outbreaks
• CHAPTER XVII Framing of Constitution—New Peerage—Reorganization of Ministry—English Influence—Financial Reform—Failure of Conferences for Treaty Revision.
• CHAPTER XVIII Imperial Authority—Privy Council—Local Self-Government—Promulgation of Constitution—Imperial Prerogatives—The Two Houses of Parliament—Features of Constitution and First Parliamentary Elections
• CHAPTER XIX Working of Representative Government—Stormy Proceedings in Diet—Legal and Judicial Reform—Political Rowdyism—Fusion of Classes
• CHAPTER XX Working of Parliamentary Government—Grouping of Parties—Government and Opposition—Formation of Seiyūkai—Increasing Intervention of Throne—Decrease of Party Rancour—Attitude of Upper House
• CHAPTER XXI Treaty Revision—Great Britain Takes Initiative—Difficulties with China
• CHAPTER XXII China and Korea—War with China—Naval Reform—Defeat of China—Treaty of Shimonoséki—Peace Terms
• CHAPTER XXIII Militarist Policy—Liaotung Peninsula—Intervention of Three Powers—Leases of Chinese Territory by Germany, Russia, Great Britain and France—Spheres of Interest
• CHAPTER XXIV American Protest against Foreign Aggression in China—Principle of “Open Door and Equal Opportunity”—Financial Reform—Operation of Revised Treaties—The Boxer Outbreak—Russia and Manchuria
• CHAPTER XXV Agreement between Great Britain and Germany—The Anglo-Japanese Alliance
• CHAPTER XXVI War with Russia—Success of Japan—President Roosevelt’s Mediation—Treaty of Portsmouth—Peace Terms
• CHAPTER XXVII Weakening of Cordiality with America—Causes of Friction—Expansion and Emigration—Annexation of Korea—New Treaties
• CHAPTER XXVIII Rise of Japan and Germany Compared—Renewal of Anglo-Japanese Alliance—Japan and the Great War—Military and Naval Expansion—Japan and China—The Twenty-one Demands—Agreement with Russia regarding China—Lansing-Ishii Agreement—Effects of Great War on Situation in Far East
• CHAPTER XXIX The Japanese Family System
• CHAPTER XXX Education
• CHAPTER XXXI The Makers of Modern Japan—How Japan is Governed