A Grammar of Afrikaans

Bruce C. Donaldson

• Publisher: De Gruyter Mouton
• Year: 2011
• Print ISBN: 9783110134261
• eBook ISBN: 9783110863154
• Edition: 1
• Topic: Langues et linguistique
• Subtopic: Linguistique

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Table of contents

• Preface
• Abbreviations
• 1 Pronunciation
• 1.1 The short vowels
• 1.2 The long vowels
• 1.3 The diphthongs
• 1.4 The consonants
• 1.5 The phonology of international loanwords
• 1.6 Pronunciation of Afrikaans names
• 1.7 Pronunciation of South African and foreign place names
• 1.8 Insertion of svarabhakti vowels to break up consonant clusters
• 1.9 Assimilation
• 1.10 Stress
• 2 Spelling
• 2.1 The alphabet
• 2.2 The Afrikaanse Woordelys en Spelreëls
• 2.3 Syllabification
• 2.4 Spelling changes in derived forms
• 2.5 The use of diacritic marks in Afrikaans orthography
• 2.6 Use of the apostrophe
• 2.7 Use of the hyphen
• 2.8 Capital letters
• 2.9 Spelling of loanwords
• 2.10 Punctuation
• 3 Articles
• 3.1 The definite article
• 3.2 The indefinite article
• 4 Nouns
• 4.1 Pluralisation of nouns
• 4.2 Diminutisation of nouns
• 4.3 Feminising endings
• 4.4 Possession
• 4.5 Proper nouns
• 4.6 Nominalisation of adjectives
• 4.7 Nominalisation of infinitives
• 4.8 Formation of nouns
• 5 Pronouns
• 5.1 Personal pronouns
• 5.2 Demonstrative pronouns
• 5.3 Relative pronouns
• 5.4 Reflexive pronouns
• 5.5 The reciprocal pronoun mekaar ‘each other’
• 5.6 Indefinite pronouns
• 5.7 Interrogative pronouns
• 6 Adjectives
• 6.1 Adjectives that take -e
• 6.2 Adjectives that don’t take -e
• 6.3 Nominalised adjectives
• 6.4 Adjectives derived from past participles
• 6.5 Adjectival inflection in -s
• 6.6 The comparative of the adjective
• 6.7 The superlative of the adjective
• 6.8 Adjectival intensifiers
• 6.9 Formation of adjectives
• 6.10 Colours
• 6.11 Adjectives followed by a fixed preposition
• 6.12 Prenominal adjectival phrases
• 6.13 Some adjectival idiosyncrasies
• 7 Adverbs
• 7.1 Adverbial use of adjectives
• 7.2 Adverbs of degree that qualify adjectives
• 7.3 Adverbs of time
• 7.4 Adverbs of manner
• 7.5 Adverbs of place
• 7.6 Adverbial use of prepositions
• 7.7 Adverbs of modality
• 7.8 Conjunctional adverbs
• 7.9 Interrogative adverbs
• 7.10 Formation of adverbs
• 8 Verbs
• 8.1 Paradigm of the present and past tenses of a typical verb
• 8.2 Alternative forms of the stem of a verb
• 8.3 Progressive or continuous constructions
• 8.4 Vestiges of the imperfect
• 8.5 The perfect tense
• 8.6 The historic present
• 8.7 The pluperfect
• 8.8 The conditional tense
• 8.9 The imperative
• 8.10 The future and future perfect tenses
• 8.11 Wees ‘to be’
• 8.12 He ‘to have’
• 8.13 Modal auxiliary verbs
• 8.14 The passive voice
• 8.15 Separable and inseparable verbs
• 8.16 The infinitive
• 8.17 The present participle
• 8.18 Irregular past participles
• 8.19 Verbs that take a prepositional object
• 8.20 Reflexive verbs
• 8.21 Order of verbs
• 8.22 Transitive versus intransitive verbs
• 9 Conjunctions
• 9.1 Co-ordinating conjunctions
• 9.2 Adverbial conjunctions
• 9.3 Correlative conjunctions
• 9.4 Subordinating conjunctions
• 9.5 Interrogatives
• 9.6 Conjunctions which introduce infinitive clauses
• 10 Interrogatives
• 10.1 Word order in interrogative clauses
• 10.2 Interrogatives in infinitive clauses
• 10.3 Whatever, whenever etc
• 11 Prepositions
• 11.1 List of prepositions
• 11.2 Prepositional stranding
• 11.3 Met > mee, tot > toe and vir > voor
• 11.4 Compound prepositions in -kant
• 11.5 Adverbial functions of prepositions
• 11.6 Assimilation of the definite article to a preceding preposition
• 11.7 Adjectives and verbs followed by a fixed preposition
• 11.8 Omission of prepositions
• 11.9 Insertion of prepositions where none is required in English
• 11.10 Postpositioned prepositions
• 11.11 Double prepositions
• 11.12 Circumpositioned prepositions in prepositional phrases
• 11.13 Prepositional phrases
• 11.14 Adverbial qualifiers of prepositions
• 11.15 Prepositional phrases consisting of with + noun + it/them
• 12 Word order
• 12.1 Order of verbs
• 12.2 Nominal and adjectival/adverbial adjuncts that can behave like separable prefixes
• 12.3 Order of objects, adjectives and adverbs qualifying verbs in the continuous constructions formed from lê, loop, sit and staan
• 12.4 Position of nominal and pronominal direct and indirect objects
• 12.5 Position of reflexive pronouns
• 12.6 Position of adverbs
• 12.7 Placing of various parts of speech at the beginning of a sentence for emphasis
• 12.8 Prepositional stranding
• 12.9 Position in an infinitive clause of a preposition dependent on a predicative adjective or verb
• 12.10 Position of adjectives that take a fixed preposition
• 12.11 Independent prepositions rendering preposition + ‘it/them’
• 12.12 Idiomatic expressions consisting of two elements with the reverse order to English
• 13 Negation
• 13.1 The negators
• 13.2 Rules for the use and position of the scope marker
• 13.3 Use of the scope marker with the negators geen/g’n ‘no, not any’, nêrens ‘nowhere’, niemand ‘no-one’, niks ‘nothing’, nooit ‘never’
• 13.4 Position of the negator
• 13.5 Geen/g’n ‘no, not a, not any’
• 13.6 Me eens/eers ‘not even,’ nooit eens/eers ‘never even’
• 13.7 Glad / hoegenaamd nie ‘not/no ... at all’
• 13.8 So nie ‘if not’, al dan nie ‘or not’, nie so seer nie ‘not so much’
• 13.9 Eers ‘not until’
• 13.10 Net nie ‘simply not’, nie net ‘not only/just’
• 13.11 Moenie/moet + nie in imperatives
• 13.12 Nie- (non- + noun)
• 13.13 Use of wel to reverse a negative
• 13.14 Use of nè, nie waar nie and is dit nie
• 13.15 Negation in rhetorical questions
• 13.16 Non-negator negatives
• 13.17 Assimilation of nie to preceding consonants
• 14 Numerals
• 14.1 Cardinal numerals
• 14.2 Ordinal numerals
• 14.3 Fractions
• 14.4 Arithmetic
• 14.5 Telling the time
• 14.6 Telephone numbers
• 14.7 Dates
• 14.8 Age
• 14.9 Currency and measurement
• 14.10 School marks
• 14.11 School class levels
• 15 Word formation
• 15.1 Vestiges of historical structures in word formation
• 15.2 Formation of nouns
• 15.3 Formation of adjectives
• 15.4 Formation of adverbs
• 15.5 Formation of verbs
• 15.6 Derivatives of numerals
• 15.7 Reduplication
• Appendix 1: Texts
• Appendix 2: Letter writing
• Appendix 3: Greetings, apologies, swearing etc
• Glossary
• Bibliography
• Index