Sociolinguistics in Japanese Contexts

Takesi Sibata, Tetsuya Kunihiro, Fumio Inoue, Daniel Long, Tetsuya Kunihiro, Fumio Inoue, Daniel Long

• Publisher: De Gruyter Mouton
• Year: 2013
• Print ISBN: 9783110149791
• eBook ISBN: 9783110821307
• Edition: 1
• Topic: Languages & Linguistics
• Subtopic: Linguistics
• Index: Languages & Linguistics

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Table of contents

• FOREWORD
• 0. DR. TAKESI SIBATA AND THE PRINCIPAL TRENDS IN JAPANESE SOCIOLINGUISTICS
• 1. Purpose of this chapter
• 2. The importance of Dr. Sibata in sociolinguistics
• 2.1. The quantity of Dr. Sibata’s contributions
• 2.2. The quality of Dr. Sibata’s contribution
• 3. Dr. Sibata’s life history and sociolinguistics
• 3.1. Romanization
• 3.2. The “Literacy Survey”
• 3.3. Surveys of language standardization
• 3.4. Survey of Honorifics
• 3.5. Linguistic Atlas of Japan and Linguistic Atlas of Itoigawa
• 3.6. Dr. Sibata’s surveys as a University Professor
• 4. Characteristics of Dr. Sibata’s Research
• 4.1. Inductive methodology
• 4.2. Using the “scientific” method
• 4.3. Exhaustiveness
• 4.4. Secular linguistics
• 4.5. Originality
• 4.6. The scholastic endeavor
• (I) THE STUDY OF SOCIOLINGUISTICS
• 1. THE LANGUAGE LIFE OF THE JAPANESE
• 0. Introductory notes by the editors
• 1. What is ‘language life’?
• 2. The structure of life and linguistic behavior
• 3. Communication which relies on speech
• 4. Situations of linguistic communication
• 5. Special characteristics of the language life of the Japanese
• 2. THE SURVEY OF A SPEECH COMMUNITY AND ITS METHODOLOGY
• 0. Introductory notes by the editors
• 1. Introduction
• 2. Dialectology, linguistic geography, and the survey of speech communities
• 3. The procedure for studying a speech community
• 4. One method of investigating a speech community
• 3. A 24 HOUR SURVEY OF THE LANGUAGE LIFE OF THE JAPANESE
• 0. Introductory notes by the editors
• 1. The language life of the Japanese and the 24 hour survey
• 2. The method of “the 24 hour survey”
• 3. The content of the recordings
• 4. Aims of analysis
• 5. For future investigation
• 4. INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES AMONG INVESTIGATORS OF LINGUISTIC GEOGRAPHY
• 0. Introductory notes by the editors
• 1. Introduction
• 2. Individual differences between speakers and between interviewers
• 3. Simple individual differences
• 4. Individual differences reflecting language history
• 5. Analysis of survey materials and analysis of individual differences
• (II) HONORIFICS
• 5. HONORIFICS AND HONORIFICS RESEARCH
• 0. Introductory notes by the editors
• 1. Special Treatment
• 2. Diversity of treatment expressions
• 3. Methods of “keeping distance”
• 6. THE HONORIFIC PREFIX “O-” IN CONTEMPORARY JAPANESE
• 0. Introductory notes by the editors
• 1. Introduction
• 2. Lexical factors governing the use of o-. — The 4830 word / 18 informant survey —
• 3. Social factors governing the use of o- – The 49 word / 472 informant survey –
• Appendix I: Words with which o- is frequently used
• Appendix II: Distribution of informants by district (chô)
• 7. LEARNING TO SAY “HAHA”
• 0. Introductory notes by the editors
• 1. Introduction
• 2. An outline of the survey
• 3. Results - (1) Usage and age
• 4. Results — (2) Differences between Uptown and Downtown
• 5. Results — (3) Differences between questionnaire and interview results
• 6. Results — (4) ‘Okâsan’
• 7. Conclusions
• 8. Supplement 1: “Mother is well.”
• 9. Supplement 2: Addendum
• 8. THE LANGUAGE LIFE OF MACHINO - THE SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY OF HONORIFICS –
• 0. Introductory notes by the editors
• 1. Introduction
• 2. Social stratification and honorific differentiation of kinship terms
• 3. Honorific behavior in discourse and social conditions
• 4. Conclusion
• 5. Materials
• 6. Acknowledgments
• 9. HONORIFICS IN A COMMUNITY
• 0. Introductory notes by the editors
• 1. The local community, the family and the individual
• 2. Viewpoint of linguistic sociology
• 3. Honorific system and honorific usage
• 4. The Kami-Tokikuni community
• 5. Kinds of address terms
• 6. Analysis of address terms
• 7. Differentiation of usage of address terms by addressers
• 8. Differentiated usage of address terms by addresses
• 9. Differentiation of usage of self-reference terms by addressers
• 10. Differentiated usage of self-reference terms by addressees
• 11. Conclusion: isolation and honorifics
• (III) LANGUAGE CHANGE
• 10. THE RISE AND FALL OF DIALECTS
• 0. Introductory notes by the editors
• 1. Standard Language and the creation of the “National Language” in the Meiji era
• 2. The shift towards the Dialect Eradication Movement
• 3. The advent of the age of Common Language and the fate of dialects
• 11. THE AGE STRUCTURE OF THE SPEECH COMMUNITY
• 0. Introductory notes by the editors
• 1. Differentiation of linguistic behavior by the age of members of speech communities
• 2. Age structure revealed through surveys of language standardization and literacy
• 3. Age as one of the conditioning factors of linguistic behavior
• 4. Is age structure present in every era
• 12. 20 YEARS OF THE ITOIGAWA DIALECT
• 0. Introductory notes by the editors
• 1. Introduction
• 2. Aims of this comparison
• 3. Data gathering
• 4. Methods of comparison
• 5. Results of analysis — (1) individual items
• 6. Results of analysis - (2) overall tendencies
• Addendum:
• 13. THE EVOLUTION OF COMMON LANGUAGE IN HOKKAIDO
• 0. Introductory notes by the editors
• 1. Hokkaido and the development of Common Language
• 2. The Hokkaido survey
• 3. From first generation to third generation — Bibai
• 4. From first generation to third generation — Kutchan
• 5. The development of Hokkaido Common Language
• 6. The language of third generation informants
• 7. Ways that “commonization” progresses
• 14. DIALECT FORMATION IN A SETTLEMENT
• 0. Introductory notes by the editors
• 1. The linguistic meaning of ‘settlement’
• 2. The conditions at the beginning of settlement
• 3. The relationship between a settlement and other villages
• 4. The Sakibaru dialect
• 5. The Mikyô Dialect
• 6. Changes in dialects
• 15. PLACE NAMES AS EVIDENCE OF JAPANESE SETTLEMENT IN AINU AREAS
• 0. Introductory notes by the editors
• 1. Introduction
• 2. Classification of Place Names in Hokkaido
• 3. Immigration and Rice Growing in Hokkaido
• 4. Conclusion
• (IV) SOCIOLECT AND IDIOLECT
• 16. GROUP LANGUAGE
• 0. Introductory notes by the editors
• 1. Properties of group language
• 2. Argot, occupational language and slang
• 3. Nicknames and terms of endearment
• 4. The language boss
• 5. The formation of group language
• 6. Language in the family
• 7. Language in groups at a school
• 8. Student language
• 9. Occupational language in the workplace
• 17. GROUP LANGUAGE AND ITS EMERGENCE
• 0. Introductory notes by the editors
• 1. Three kinds of group language
• 2. Creation of group language
• 3. Group consciousness
• 4. Argot and slang: differences and similarities
• 5. Group language deriving from a so-called language boss
• 6. Conclusion
• 18. FAD WORDS AND LANGUAGE BOSSES
• 0. Introductory notes by the editors
• 1. Fad words in fashion
• 2. Large differences in fad words among groups
• 3. Downtown, Uptown and Suburbs
• 4. Intentional fad words
• 5. Favorable environments for language bosses
• 6. Conclusion
• 19. URBANIZATION AND LANGUAGE DIFFERENCES IN SOCIAL CLASSES
• 0. Introductory notes by the editors
• 1. Gentry and commoners in Miyako
• 2. Language differences between gentry and commoners
• 3. Gentry and commoners in Hirara and Karimata
• 4. Unexpectedly small language differences between gentry and commoners
• 5. Decreasing linguistic differences due to commoners’ assimilation into the gentry
• 6. Urbanization as a factor in change
• 20. CHANGES IN LIFE AND CHANGES IN LANGUAGE - STABILIZATION OF NEW EXPRESSIONS -
• 0. Introductory notes by the editors
• 1. A variety of expressions
• 2. Words relating to electric machines
• 3. The relationship between concept and word
• 4. Changes in life and changes in language
• 21. THE MICROTOPONYMY OF A LIMITED AREA CONSIDERED AS PART OF THE VOCABULARY OF AN IDIOLECT
• 0. Introductory notes by the editors
• 1. Introduction
• 2. The nature of micro-place names
• 3. A description of the area investigated
• 4. Method of inquiry
• 5. Results and analysis
• 6. Summary
• (V) NORMS OF LANGUAGE
• 22. CONSCIOUSNESS OF LANGUAGE NORMS
• 0. Introductory notes by the editors
• 1. Paying attention to language
• 2. The need for norms
• 3. Two kinds of norm
• 4. When rules are necessary
• 5. Conditions for becoming a rule
• 6. Norms and style
• 23. STANDARDS OF PRONUNCIATION
• 0. Introductory notes by the editors
• 1. Standards of language and standards of pronunciation
• 2. Locating the problem
• 3. Correct pronunciation
• 4. Standards of phonological structure
• 5. Desirable ways of speaking and listening
• 6. Variant word forms
• 24. DISCRIMINATORY WORDS AND LINGUISTIC TABOOS
• 0. Introductory notes by the editors
• 1. Taboos attached to words
• 2. Changes in discriminatory words
• 3. Discriminatory words in compounds
• 4. Reality without words
• 5. Towards a revolution in people’s consciousness
• NOTES
• REFERENCES
• COMPLETE WORKS OF TAKESI SIBATA
• SOURCES OF ORIGINAL PUBLICATIONS
• INDEX