Word Power: Phrasal Verbs and Compounds

A Cognitive Approach

Brygida Rudzka-Ostyn

• Publisher: De Gruyter Mouton
• Year: 2008
• Print ISBN: 9783110177039
• eBook ISBN: 9783110197235
• Edition: 1
• Topic: Languages & Linguistics
• Subtopic: Languages
• Index: Languages & Linguistics

Word Power: Phrasal Verbs and Compounds is a textbook for guided self-learning intended for post-intermediate and advanced learners of English. It contains some 1,100 phrasal compounds used with 17 particles/prepositions which combine with some 500 different verbs, nouns and adjectives. Numerous glosses allow the teacher to use it in very heterogeneous classes.

Thanks to cognitive linguistics the material is organized around each particle giving the students an astonishing insight into the networks of metaphorical meanings of each particle. Furthermore, the book implements the most important findings and techniques in the field of learning a foreign language. This textbook will be a valuable companion for teachers and students.

Table of contents

• Preface
• How this textbook could be used
• Acknowledgements
• Introduction: Words and the World
• 1 The syntactic frames of phrasal verbs
• 2 The meaning of phrasal verbs
• 2.1 The meaning of the verb
• 2.2 The meaning of the particles
• 2.3 The metaphorical meaning of the whole expression ‘verb + particle’
• 2.4 A phrasal verb with one particle often has several meanings
• 3 What do we use language for?
• 4 How do we perceive and conceive reality?
• 4.1 The trajector and landmark: the moving entity and the place (point, container, surface) where it moves
• 4.2 Symbols used in the drawings
• 4.3 Questions on the Introduction
• 1 OUT is leaving a container
• 1.1 OUT: entities moving out of containers
• 1.2 OUT: eat or inviting to eat away from home
• 1.3 OUT: sets, groups are containers
• 1.4 OUT: bodies, minds, mouths are viewed as containers
• 1.5 OUT: states/situations are containers
• 1.6 OUT: non-existence, ignorance, invisibility also function as containers
• 1.7 OUT: trajectors increasing to maximal boundaries
• 1.8 OUT: key
• 1.9 Expand and test your knowledge of ‘out’
• 1.10 Key to ‘Expand and test your knowledge of ‘out’’
• 2 IN is entering or being inside a container
• 2.1 IN: being inside or entering a container
• 2.2 IN: atmospheric circumstances as containers
• 2.3 IN: time viewed as a container
• 2.4 IN: sets or groups viewed as containers
• 2.5 IN: situations, circumstances as containers
• 2.6 IN: psychological, physical states viewed as containers
• 2.7 IN: key
• 2.8 Expand and test your knowledge of ‘in’
• 2.9 Key to ‘Expand and test your knowledge of ‘in’’
• 3 INTO is entering a container
• 3.1 INTO: motion into a container
• 3.2 INTO: change is motion from one state into another
• 3.3 INTO: key
• 3.4 Expand and test your knowledge of ‘into’
• 3.5 Key to ‘Expand and test your knowledge of ‘into’’
• 4 UP is positive verticality
• 4.1 UP: position at a high place or moving up to a higher one
• 4.2 UP (to): aiming at or reaching a goal, an end, a limit
• 4.3 UP: moving to a higher degree, value or measure
• 4.4 UP: higher up is more visible, accessible, known
• 4.5 UP: covering an area completely/reaching the highest limit
• 4.6 UP: Key
• 4.7 Expand and test your knowledge of ‘up’
• 4.8 Key to ‘Expand and test your knowledge of ‘up’’
• 5 DOWN is negative verticality
• 5.1 DOWN: movement from a higher to a lower place
• 5.2 DOWN: time and geographically orientated motion
• 5.3 DOWN: decrease in intensity, quality, quantity, size, degree, value, activity, status, strength
• 5.4 DOWN: reach a goal, completion, extreme limit down the scale
• 5.5 DOWN: movements of eating or writing
• 5.6 DOWN: key
• 5.7 Expand and test your knowledge of ‘down’
• 5.8 Key to ‘Expand and test your knowledge of ‘down’’
• 6 OFF is breaking contact
• 6.1 OFF: loss of spatial contact or spatial separation
• 6.2 OFF: separation as loss of contact
• 6.3 OFF: separation as interruption of flow/supply
• 6.4 OFF: separation due to motion away from its former state, condition or point of reference
• 6.5 OFF: key
• 6.6 Expand and test your knowledge of ‘off’
• 6.7 Key to ‘Expand and test your knowledge of ‘off’’
• 7 AWAY is disappearing
• 7.1 AWAY: leaving a place or not being at it
• 7.2 AWAY: gradual and continuously growing distance
• 7.3 AWAY: complete disappearance
• 7.4 AWAY: key
• 7.5 Expand and test your knowledge of ‘away’
• 7.6 Key to ‘Expand and test your knowledge of ‘away’’
• 8 ON is contact
• 8.1 ON: contact or getting closer to make contact
• 8.2 ON: from contact to closeness
• 8.3 ON: time viewed as a surface
• 8.4 ON: continuation of an action or situation
• 8.5 ON: cause – effect viewed as two entities in contact
• 8.6 ON: key
• 8.7 Expand and test your knowledge of ‘on’
• 8.8 Key to ‘Expand and test your knowledge of ‘on’’
• 9 OVER is higher than and close to
• 9.1 OVER: being or moving higher than and close to sth or from one side to the other
• 9.2 OVER: crossing a certain distance to get closer
• 9.3 OVER: Motion viewed as covering completely or even in excess
• 9.4 OVER/UNDER: higher than/beyond or lower than/below the norm
• 9.5 OVER: examining thoroughly from all sides
• 9.6 OVER: reflexive motion or completely bent
• 9.7 OVER: key
• 9.8 Expand and test your knowledge of ‘over(-)/under-’
• 9.9 Key to ‘Expand and test your knowledge of ‘over(-)/under-’’
• 10 BACK is returning
• 10.1 BACK: return to or stay at an earlier location
• 10.2 BACK: Return to an earlier state, time, situation
• 10.3 BACK: key
• 10.4 Expand and test your knowledge of ‘back’
• 10.5 Key to ‘Expand and test your knowledge of ‘back’’
• 11 ABOUT is dispersion
• 11.1 ABOUT: location or motion in vicinity but in no particular direction
• 11.2 ABOUT: from motion on a surface to mental motion on topics
• 11.3 ABOUT: from vicinity to proximity in size, time, measure, quantity
• 11.4 ABOUT: key
• 12 (A)ROUND is vicinity or circular motion
• 12.1 (A)ROUND: Location or motion (in different directions) often viewed from a central point
• 12.2 (A)ROUND: figurative activities other than motion
• 12.3 (A)ROUND: key
• 13 ABOUT/(A)ROUND is dispersion vs. circular motion
• 13.1 ABOUT/(A)ROUND: motion along +/- circular paths in different directions
• 13.2 ABOUT/(A)ROUND: (metaphorical) paths in all kinds of directions
• 13.3 ABOUT/(A)ROUND: key
• 13.4 Expand and test your knowledge of ‘about/(a)round’
• 13.5 Key to ‘Expand and test your knowledge of ‘about/(a)round’’
• 14 ACROSS is motion to opposite side
• 14.1 ACROSS (preposition): motion from one side of a surface to another
• 14.2 ACROSS (particle): figurative motion crossing to a human receiver
• 14.3 ACROSS: key
• 15 THROUGH is crossing a container
• 15.1 THROUGH: motion inside an entity from end to end
• 15.2 THROUGH: activities viewed as complete(d) motions
• 15.3 THROUGH: key
• 15.4 Expand and test your knowledge of ‘through’
• 15.5 Key to ‘Expand and test your knowledge of ‘through’’
• 16 BY is vicinity or path
• 16.1 BY: location or motion near or at the side of an entity
• 16.2 BY: closeness or location in time and measurement units
• 16.3 BY: ‘cause- effect’, means viewed as two close objects
• 16.4 BY: key
• 17 ALONG is parallel path or entity
• 17.1 ALONG: to be/to move towards the end of sth long
• 17.2 ALONG: feelings are viewed as accompanying objects
• 17.3 ALONG: key