As straightforward and easy to follow as a Roman road, this is the most accessible guide to both the language and the literature of one of the greatest empires the world has known.
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ā¢ a living being (for example, girl, Hercules, dog)
ā¢ a place or a thing (for example, house, Pompeii, table)
ā¢ an activity, an event, or an idea (for example, sleep, dinner party, anger)
Using nouns
In Latin, all nouns are masculine, feminine, or neuter. This is called their gender. Even words for things have a gender.
Whenever you are using a noun, you need to know whether it is masculine, feminine, or neuter as this affects the form of other words used with it, such as:
ā¢ adjectives that describe it
ā¢ pronouns (such as hic and ille) that replace it
For more information on Adjectives or Pronouns, see pages 16 and 27.
You can find information about gender by looking the word up in a dictionary. When you come across a new noun, always learn its gender as well as its meaning. Unlike English, Latin nouns do not have articles (such as the or a) that go before them.
We refer to something as singular when we are talking about just one, and as plural when we are talking about more than one. The singular is the form of the noun you will usually find when you look a noun up in the dictionary. As in English, nouns in Latin change their form in the plural.
Adjectives and pronouns are also affected by whether a noun is singular or plural.
In Latin, all nouns also change form by taking different endings in order to reflect their function in a sentence. This is called their case. The six main cases are the nominative case, the vocative, the accusative, the genitive, the dative, and the ablative. When you look up a noun in the dictionary, its nominative and genitive singular case endings will usually be given.
Again, adjectives and pronouns are affected by a nounās case.
TIP
In North America, it is still common practice to list the Latin cases after the nominative and vocative in the...
