High-Performance Membrane Dialyzers

A. Saito, H. Kawanishi, A. C. Yamashita, M. Mineshima, Claudio Ronco

• Publisher: S. Karger
• Year: 2011
• Print ISBN:
  9783805598125
• eBook ISBN:
  9783805598132
• Topic: Medicina
• Subtopic: Tecnología y suministros médicos

Dialyzers today are developed with high permeability and biocompatibility in mind, even though the definition of these so-called high-flux dialyzers remains controversial. In the Japanese reimbursement system, dialyzers are divided into five types, ranging from I to V, in accordance with their clearance for beta2-microglobulin (beta2-MG). Classes IV and V (beta2-MG clearance greater or equal to 50 and 70 ml/min, respectively, at a blood flow rate of 200 ml/min) are the most common ones, used in more than 90% of Japanese dialysis patients. Membranes used in types IV and V dialyzers are called high-performance membranes (HPMs) and are characterized by an exceptionally high flux rate, permeability and biocompatibility. The book at hand covers all aspects of these HPM dialyzers, including their definitions and characteristics, clinical experiences and basic investigations. Moreover, historical HPMs and several membranes with special characteristics that are not categorized into classes IV or V are discussed. Providing a summary of commercially available HPM dialyzers, this publication not only serves as a textbook for those interested in state-of the-art dialysis treatment, but is also a concise database of the products available.

Subject Index

Acute kidney injury, membrane

biocompatibility in recovery

Adsorption, solute removal

Albumin

leakage during dialysis

loss with high-performance

membranes

oxidation state effects of high-

performance membranes

polyester polymer alloy loss

removal advantages and

disadvantages

time decay in dialyzer

performance

AN69

adsorption properties

biocompatibility

clinical outcomes in acute renal failure

and sepsis

contact phase activation

prevention

heparin coating and grafting

historical perspective

manufacturing process

β₂-microglobulin removal

modern applications

Atomic force microscopy, membrane

surface analysis

Biocompatibility

acute kidney injury recovery

AN69

antioxidant actions of membranes

cellulose triacetate

chronic outcomes of incompatibility

complement activation

contact pathway activation

dialysis fluid endotoxin invasion in

blood

ethylene vinyl alcohol

flux and dialysate purity

association

hollow-fiber dialysis membrane

internal surface

neutrophil

activation

platelet interactions

overview of high-performance

membranes

patient-oriented dialysis system

polyester polymer alloy

poly(N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone)

elution

polysulfone membranes

selection of high-performance

membrane

Biofilm, anti-biofilm procedure in fluid

line

BK-F membrane, see

Polymethylmethacrylate

CD40, polymethylmethacrylate

removal

Cellulose triacetate

adsorption characteristics

antithrombus performance

biocompatibility

biomarker reduction

lipid metabolism benefits

material features

permeability

spinning of hollow-fiber

membranes

sterilization

structure

Complement, membrane activation

Contact pathway, membrane

activation

Continuous hemodiafiltration,

polymethylmethacrylate membrane

comparison with polyacrylonitrile

membrane efficacy in septic shock

with acute renal failure

C-reactive protein, acetate-containing

bicarbonate dialysis fluid effects

Dialysis fluid, high-performance

membranes

anti-biofilm procedure in fluid line

biocompatibility, flux and dialysate

purity association

blood contamination mechanism

constituents

buffer

electrolytes

glucose

contamination markers

evaluation of variables

acetate-free versus acetate

containing bicarbonate dialysis

fluid findings

hemodialysis membranes and

conditions

outcomes

patient characteristics

organization of flow

prospects for highly purified fluid

purification

quality evaluation

bacterial concentration

endotoxin concentration

quality importance

water quality criteria for dialysis

Endotoxin

blood contamination mechanism

dialysis fluid quality evaluation

polyester polymer alloy retention

polysulfone adsorption

trapping by membrane

Ethylene oxide, sterilization of

dialyzer...

Table of contents

• Cover Page
• Front Material
• Definition of High-Performance Membranes - From the Clinical Point of View
• Solute Removal Efficiency and Biocompatibility of the High-Performance Membrane - From Engineering Points of View
• Biocompatible Characteristics of High-Performance Membranes
• Selection Guidelines for High-Performance Membrane
• Preferred Performance of the High-Performance Membrane in the Case of Online Hemodiafiltration
• Preferred Dialysis Fluid for the High-Performance Membrane
• Required Water Quality for the Use of High-Performance Membranes
• Clinical Outcomes of the High-Performance Membrane Dialyzer
• Endotoxin and Bacterial Level of Dialysate Fluid Quality
• Albumin Loss Under the Use of the High-Performance Membrane
• Choice of Modality with the Use of High-Performance Membrane and Evaluation for Clinical Effects
• Mass Transfer Mechanisms in High-Performance Membrane Dialyzers
• Fluid and Solute Transfer Characteristics in a Dialyzer with a High-Performance Membrane
• Contribution of Polysulfone Membranes to the Success of Convective Dialysis Therapies
• AN69: Evolution of the World's First High Permeability Membrane
• Polyethersulfone as a High-Performance Membrane
• Polymethylmethacrylate Membrane with a Series of Serendipity
• Polyester Polymer Alloy as a High-Performance Membrane
• Cellulose Triacetate as a High-Performance Membrane
• Ethylene Vinyl Alcohol Co-Polymer as a High-Performance Membrane: An EVOH Membrane with Excellent Biocompatibility
• Sustained High-Efficiency Daily Diafiltration Using a Mediator-Adsorbing Membrane (SHEDD-fA) in the Treatment of Patients with Severe Sepsis
• Comparison of Efficacy between Continuous Hemodiafiltration with a PMMA High-Performance Membrane Dialyzer and a PAN Membrane Hemofilter in the Treatment of Septic Shock Patients with Acute Renal Failure
• Commercially Available High-Performance Membrane Dialyzers and Several Special Kinds on the Japanese Market (as of April 30, 2011)
• Author Index
• Subject Index