ABSTRACTS
An abstract is a summary of a larger document, such as a report. Abstracts are also called summaries or executive summaries.
There are two types of abstracts:
Descriptive abstracts are short summaries that appear on the front page of a formal report or journal article. (
Figure 1.)
A descriptive abstract does not summarize the facts or conclusions of the report.
A descriptive abstract introduces the report and explains what the report covers.
Example: This report provides recommendations for the antivirus software currently available.
Informative abstracts summarize the key facts and conclusions of the report. (
Figure 2.)
Informative abstracts are usually one- or two-page documents.
Informative abstracts summarize each of the sections in the report.
Sentence structure is normally complex and packed with information.
An informative abstract is intended to allow readers to determine whether they want to read the report.
An informative abstract is not treated as an introduction.
Include any statistical details in an informative abstract.
Figure 1 Descriptive Abstract
Abstract
The U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory has been developing cost effective methods for gathering occupational and training requirements information. This information has most often been collected at an individual level of analysis focusing on the more behavioral aspects of work. Recent interest in both team and cognitive requirements for work has prompted renewed interest in team task analysis and accurately representing knowledge and cognitive components of work. The U.S. and Allied Military Services have pioneered the development of exemplar methods that serve as the foundation for recent advanced training. This paper highlights recent explorations and advanced training in team task analysis and cognitive task analysis methods. Implications for increasing the accuracy and efficiency of the requirements analysis process will also be discussed.
(Courtesy of the United States Air Force)
Figure 2 Informative Abstract
Summary
The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service published special rules to establish nonessential experimental populations of gray wolves (Canis lupus) in Yellowstone National Park and central Idaho. The nonessential experimental population areas include all of Wyoming, most of Idaho, and much of central and southern Montana. A close reading of the special regulations indicates that, unintentionally, the language reads as though wolf control measures apply only outside of the experimental population area. This proposed revision is intended to amend language in the special regulations so that it clearly applies within the Yellowstone nonessential experimental population area and the central Idaho nonessential experimental population area. This proposed change will not affect any of the assumptions and earlier analysis made in the environmental impact statement or other portions of the special rules.
(Courtesy of the United States Environmental Protection Agency)
ACCEPTANCE LETTER
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