On Fact and Fraud
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On Fact and Fraud

Cautionary Tales from the Front Lines of Science

David Goodstein

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eBook - ePub

On Fact and Fraud

Cautionary Tales from the Front Lines of Science

David Goodstein

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About This Book

An in-depth look at scientific fraud Fraud in science is not as easy to identify as one might think. When accusations of scientific misconduct occur, truth can often be elusive, and the cause of a scientist's ethical misstep isn't always clear. On Fact and Fraud looks at actual cases in which fraud was committed or alleged, explaining what constitutes scientific misconduct and what doesn't, and providing readers with the ethical foundations needed to discern and avoid fraud wherever it may arise.In David Goodstein's varied experienceā€”as a physicist and educator, and as vice provost at Caltech, a job in which he was responsible for investigating all allegations of scientific misconductā€”a deceptively simple question has come up time and again: what constitutes fraud in science? Here, Goodstein takes us on a tour of real controversies from the front lines of science and helps readers determine for themselves whether or not fraud occurred. Cases include, among others, those of Robert A. Millikan, whose historic measurement of the electron's charge has been maligned by accusations of fraud; Martin Fleischmann and Stanley Pons and their "discovery" of cold fusion; Victor Ninov and the supposed discovery of element 118; Jan Hendrik Schƶn from Bell Labs and his work in semiconductors; and J. Georg Bednorz and Karl MĆ¼ller's discovery of high-temperature superconductivity, a seemingly impossible accomplishment that turned out to be real. On Fact and Fraud provides a user's guide to identifying, avoiding, and preventing fraud in science, along the way offering valuable insights into how modern science is practiced.

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Index

Abelson, John, 52
absolute zero, 113ā€“14
AIDS, 62, 64
air molecules, 45ā€“46
American Association for the Advancement of Science, 19
American Chemical Society, 19
American Physical Society, 19, 72ā€“73, 108
anthropology, 1
anti-Semitism, 49ā€“50
astronomers, 90
AT&T, 122
atomic bombs, 97
atomic theory of matter, 29
element 118 and, 97, 103ā€“6, 130
ions and, 30ā€“32
nucleus of, 30
Authority Structure, 7, 14, 127
gatekeepers of, 22ā€“24
goal of, 18
roots of, 25ā€“26
scientific societies and, 19ā€“27
university presidents and, 18
university rivalry and, 20ā€“24
autoimmune diseases, 51, 55, 57, 62, 64
awards, 19, 22. See also Nobel Prize
Babbage, Charles, 33
Bacon, Francis, 8, 61, 127
Baltimore, David, xii, 61ā€“64, 128
Barnes, Charles, 73ā€“74, 79, 87, 90, 94
BarrƩ-Sinoussi, FranƧoise, 64
Beasley, Malcolm, 99ā€“102
Bednorz, J. Georg, 84, 93
high-temperature superconductivity and, 108ā€“9, 114ā€“16, 125, 131
Nobel Prize and, 108, 114, 131
risk and, 131
Begeman, Louis, 31
Bell Labs, 33, 97ā€“101
Berkeley Gas-Filled Separator (BGS), 102ā€“4
Betrayers of the Truth (Broad and Wade), 43
biology: immunology and, 51, 55, 57
multiple sclerosis and, 51, 55, 57
Office of Scientific Integrity (OSI) and, 59ā€“60
prevalence of fraud in, 2ā€“4, 51ā€“60, 66, 97, 101, 128, 130
virology and, xii, 61ā€“64, 128
biomedicine, 2ā€“3, 101
Biotechnology Institute, 64
bismuth-strontium-calcium copper...

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