The Sing-song Girls of Shanghai

Bangqing Han, Eileen Chang, Eva Hung, Eileen Chang, Eva Hung

• Publisher: Columbia University Press
• Year: 2007
• eBook ISBN: 9780231529457
• Topic: Letteratura
• Subtopic: Letteratura generale

Desire, virtue, courtesans (also known as sing-song girls), and the denizens of Shanghai's pleasure quarters are just some of the elements that constitute Han Bangqing's extraordinary novel of late imperial China. Han's richly textured, panoramic view of late-nineteenth-century Shanghai follows a range of characters from beautiful sing-song girls to lower-class prostitutes and from men in positions of social authority to criminals and ambitious young men recently arrived from the country. Considered one of the greatest works of Chinese fiction, The Sing-song Girls of Shanghai is now available for the first time in English.

Neither sentimental nor sensationalistic in its portrayal of courtesans and their male patrons, Han's work inquires into the moral and psychological consequences of desire. Han, himself a frequent habitué of Shanghai brothels, reveals a world populated by lonely souls who seek consolation amid the pleasures and decadence of Shanghai's demimonde. He describes the romantic games played by sing-song girls to lure men, as well as the tragic consequences faced by those who unexpectedly fall in love with their customers. Han also tells the stories of male patrons who find themselves emotionally trapped between desire and their sense of propriety.

First published in 1892, and made into a film by Hou Hsiao-hsien in 1998, The Sing-song Girls of Shanghai is recognized as a pioneering work of Chinese fiction in its use of psychological realism and its infusion of modernist sensibilities into the traditional genre of courtesan fiction. The novel's stature has grown with the recent discovery of Eileen Chang's previously unknown translation, which was unearthed among her papers at the University of Southern California. Chang, who lived in Shanghai until 1956 when she moved to California and began to write in English, is one of the most acclaimed Chinese writers of the twentieth century.

CHAPTER 1 :: Simplicity Zhao visits his uncle on Salt Melon Street, and Benevolence Hong makes a match at the Hall of Beauties

A young man was seen rushing over Lu Stone Bridge, which linked Shanghai’s Chinese district to the foreign settlements. He was dressed in a golden brown box jacket of glossy Nanjing silk, under which was an off-white cotton archery gown.¹ Surprised by the busy scene, he bumped into a ricksha and fell smack on the ground, splashing mud all over himself. Scrambling quickly to his feet, he seized the ricksha puller, shouting and cursing wildly at him, deaf to remonstrances. A Chinese policeman in a dark blue cotton uniform came over to question him. “My name is Simplicity Zhao, and I’m bound for Salt Melon Street,” said the young man. “But out of the blue came this blockhead who ran me over with a ricksha! Look at the mud on my jacket. He’ll have to pay for it.”

“You could have been more careful yourself. I shouldn’t press the matter,” the policeman said.

Simplicity Zhao grumbled on for a bit but finally had to loosen his grip on the ricksha man and watch him pad away. A crowd of spectators had gathered at the crossroads, talking and laughing. Simplicity Zhao tried to brush the dirt off his clothes, complaining in despair, “How can I go and see my uncle like this?”

Even the policeman couldn’t help laughing. “Why don’t you go over to the teahouse and get a towel to wipe yourself down?”

Following his advice, Simplicity went to the Waterway Teahouse by the bridge, where he took a seat near the street and removed his jacket. A waiter brought him a basin of hot water and a towel. He wrung the towel dry and wiped his jacket carefully, until not a trace of mud was left. Then he put it back on, took a sip of tea, paid the bill, and headed straight for the central market on Salt Melon Street. Here he saw the signboard of the Flourishing Ginseng Store and ambled into its small walled courtyard, asking loudly for Mr. Benevolence Hong. A young salesclerk answered, invited him in, took his name, and hurried in to announce him.

Soon Benevolence Hong bustled out. Though Simplicity had not seen his uncle for a long time, he still remembered well the hollow cheeks and protuberant eyes. He quickly walked up to the man and greeted him on one knee. Benevolence Hong hastened to return the salutation and asked him to take the seat of honor, inquiring meanwhile, “How is your esteemed mother? Did she come with you? Where are you staying?”

“My humble quarters are at the Welcome Inn on Treasured Merit Street. Mother did not come but told me to pay you her respects, sir,” Simplicity replied.

While they talked, the young clerk served tobacco and tea. Benevolence Hong asked his nephew what had brought him to Shanghai.

“Nothing in particular,” Simplicity said. “I’m hoping to find some employment.”

“Just now, though, there aren’t any good opportunities in Shanghai,” said Benevolence.

“Mother says I’m not getting any younger, and there’s nothing for me to do at home, so it’s better for me to go out into the world and learn to do business.”

“There’s certainly something in that. How old are you?”

“Seventeen.”

“You have an esteemed sister, too. I haven’t seen her either for several years. How old is she? Is she betrothed yet?”

“Not yet. She’s fifteen.”

“Who else is there in your family?”

“Just the three of us and a maidservant.”

“With so few people, your expenses are probably low.”

“Even so, we also have to pinch and skimp much more than before.”

There was a clock on a table carved from tree roots. As they talked, it struck twelve, whereupon Benevolence asked Simplicity to stay for a casual meal and summoned the clerk to give him the instructions. A little later, four plates of cold cuts, two main courses, and a jug of wine were brought in. Uncle and nephew sat facing each other, drinking and chatting about recent developments and how things were in the countryside.

“Are you staying alone at the inn? Isn’t there anyone to look after you?” asked Benevolence.

“A friend of mine from a rice merchant’s has also come to Shanghai to look for work. His name is Rustic Zhang, and he’s staying with me.”

“That’s all right then.”

After lunch, they wiped their face with a towel and rinsed their mouths. Benevolence handed Simplicity a water pipe. “Do stay for a while. I’ll go and finish a few small chores and then see you back to the inn.”

Simplicity agreed politely, whereupon Benevolence hurriedly left the room.

Simplicity sat smoking the water pipe until he got good and tired of it. The clock had struck two by the time Benevolence came out. He summoned the clerk again to leave some instructions and then went with Simplicity to his room at the Welcome Inn.² There was already a man in the room, lying there smoking opium. After a brief greeting, Benevolence asked, “Mr. Rustic Zhang, I presume?”

“At your service,” said Rustic. “And you, Uncle, must be Mr. Benevolence Hong.”

“You do me too great an honor to call me Uncle.”

“I apologize for not having called on you to pay my respects.”

After this exchange of civilities, they sat down. Simplicity produced a water pipe and offered it to Benevolence.

“This is my nephew’s first visit to Shanghai. He is absolutely dependent on your great kindness,” said Benevolence.

Rustic said, “Alas, I am all too aware of my own inadequacy. But since we came to town together, it’s only natural that we should look out for each other.”

After more courtesies, Benevolence passed him the water pipe. Taking it in one hand, Rustic gestured with his other hand toward the couch, inviting Benevolence to share a pipe of opium with him.³

“No, thanks,” Benevolence declined, and they sat down again.

Sitting to one side, Simplicity listened to their conversation, which drifted gradually to the topic of courtesans. He was just about to slip in a question or two when Rustic passed him the water pipe, so he took the opportunity to whisper into the latter’s ear.

“Ha!” Rustic turned to Benevolence. “My brother Simplicity says he’d like to take a look at the sing-song houses. Is that all right?”

“Where shall we go?” said Benevolence.

“Let’s take a stroll along Chessboard Street,” said Rustic.

“I remember there’s a courtesan called Jewel at the Hall of Beauties on West Chessboard Street. She’s not bad,” said Benevolence.

“Then let’s go,” Simplicity broke in.

Rustic grinned. Even Benevolence could not help smiling.

Simplicity told Rustic to put away his opium tray and then waited while he changed into a new outfit—a melon-ribbed cap, Beijing-style trimmed slippers, and a padded gown of shiny gray Hangzhou silk topped by a glossy box jacket of sapphire-blue Nanjing silk. Rustic then proceeded to fold up one by one all the clothes he had changed out of before he was finally ready to go. At the door, he and Benevolence each pressed the other to take the lead.

Impatiently, Simplicity pulled the door to, locked it, and followed them out. After turning a couple of street corners, they were on West Chessboard Street. Outside one of the doors, there was an iron stand with an octagonal glass lantern inscribed in vermilion with the words “The Hall of Beauties.” Benevolence led the way in. The menservants knew him and shouted at once, “Mama Yeung, a friend of Young Mr. Zhuang.”⁴ Somebody answered upstairs and came stumping to the head of the stairs to greet them.

The maid Mama Yeung watched as the three men came up and said, “Oh, it’s Young Mr. Hong. Please come in and take a seat.” A servant girl of thirteen or fourteen had propped up the bamboo curtain with a stick to let them through. There was already a man in the room. He was lying on the couch, his arms round a courtesan, cuddling with her. Only when Benevolence walked in did he get up to greet the newcomers, cupping his hands palm over fist to salute Rustic and Simplicity and asking for their family names. Benevolence answered for them and turned toward Rustic, saying, “This is Mr. Lichee Zhuang.”

“Honored,” Rustic murmured.

The courtesan hid behind Lichee Zhuang, waiting till everyone had taken their seats before she came up to offer them watermelon seeds. The servant girl also brought water pipes and filled them for the clients.

“I was just going to look for you,” Lichee Zhuang said to Benevolence Hong. “I’ve got a lot of stuff here. See if anyone can help dispose of them.” He fished a folder out of his pocket and handed it to Benevolence. Benevolence saw that on the list were items of jewelry, curios, paintings, calligraphy, and clothes, all numbered and with prices written next to them.

“This sort of thing …” Benevolence said, frowning. “Well, they’re hard to sell. I heard Script Li of Hangzhou is here. D’you want to try him?”

“I’ve told Cloudlet Chen to take this to Li. There’s been no news yet.”

“Where’s all the stuff?”

“Right here, over at Longevity Bookstore. Would you care to go and take a look?”

“What’s the point? I don’t know the first thing about this kind of stuff.”

Simplicity, impatient with their conversation, turned to give the courtesan a good looking-over. She had a very fair round face and regular and exquisite features. Loveliest of all were her smiling lips—so small they formed a vermilion dot—and her mercurial eyes oozed tenderness. Since she was at home, she was dressed casually and for ornament wore only a silver filigree butterfly in her hair. Her cotton blouse was the color of dawn’s first light, set off by a sleeveless jacket of black crinkled crepe with satin pipings and pink crinkled crepe trousers trimmed with off-white satin and three bands of embroidered lace.

She felt Simplicity’s gaze and, smiling, walked to the big foreign mirror against the wall and studied herself from all angles, smoothing her sidelocks. Entranced, he followed her with his eyes. Suddenly he heard Benevolence Hong call out, “Miss Woodsy, shall I make a match for your little sister Jewel?” Only then did he realize that this courtesan was Woodsy Lu, not Jewel.

He saw her turn around and answer, “Why not? You’d be doing my siste...

Table of contents

• Cover 
• Half title
• Title
• Copyright
• Contents 
• Foreword
• Translator’s Note
• Cast of Major Characters
• Chapter 1. Simplicity Zhao visits his uncle on Salt Melon Street, and Benevolence Hong makes a match at the Hall of Beauties
• Chapter 2. A callow youth trying a pipe is just good for a laugh, and a virgin courtesan attending a party is unscathed by a gibe
• Chapter 3. A professional name links the new girl to the belles of the family, and etiquette places a young man in the seat of honor
• Chapter 4. Benevolence acts as comprador to help a friend, and Pearlie signals to her girl to curb her jealousy
• Chapter 5. An empty slot is speedily filled by a new love, and a new arrangement is kept from an old flame
• Chapter 6. A playful belle calls her client her son, and a phenomenal girl dominates her madam
• Chapter 7. One girl casts a spell and lays a vicious trap, and another meets a good mate but can’t escape her fate
• Chapter 8. Second Sister retains a treasure box with dark designs, and Green Phoenix refuses a carriage ride with ready wit
• Chapter 9. Little Rouge fells Constance with her fist, and Green Phoenix engages Prosperity in a battle of words
• Chapter 10. A new girl is given strict instructions at her toilet, and old debts are lightly dismissed by a hanger-on
• Chapter 11. The fire bell ringing at night causes a false alarm, and a brother-in-law on a family visit gets a warm welcome
• Chapter 12. A peacemaker is dispatched behind the beloved’s back, and trickery provides cover for an adulterous woman
• Chapter 13. At the deflowering of Jewel, someone waits in the wings, and on the mah-jongg table, a trap is set for Crane Li
• Chapter 14. A lone whoremonger meets rough company, and a gang of conspirators runs a crooked game
• Chapter 15. Bright Pearl attends a party at Civic Peace Alley, and Pragmatic Li smokes opium at the House of Floral Rain
• Chapter 16. A bargain for a rich patron carries hidden consequences, and a game of dominoes serves as a pastime
• Chapter 17. Twin Pearl secretly criticizes her mother, and Benevolence Hong severely reprimands his nephew
• Chapter 18. A lined jacket conveys Jade Tao’s deep love, and an expensive banquet allays White Fragrance’s wrath
• Chapter 19. Deceived by love, Modesty Zhu misreads a hidden motive; plagued by illness, Water Blossom puts on a brave face
• Chapter 20. Water Blossom, aggrieved, rages at the mirror, and Jade Tao, deeply in love, shares her nightmare
• Chapter 21. A prostitute lies about consulting the gods to find a missing article, and a henpecked husband throws a party behind his wife’s back
• Chapter 22. Green Phoenix secures a loan toward her ransom, and Snow Scent is angered by an argument about shopping
• Chapter 23. A young girl overhears things said behind her back, and a jealous wife courts insult in a brothel
• Chapter 24. Constance protects a fellow courtesan to keep the peace, and Simplicity Zhao, a ruined man, feels no regret
• Chapter 25. A fond lover’s chiding revives old memories, and the time of the month delays a tryst
• Chapter 26. Nocturnal sounds show a couple’s real prowess, and a lustful look betrays a woman’s false modesty
• Chapter 27. The drunk who disrupts a tryst empties his stomach, and a whore’s burning hands prove her randy nature
• Chapter 28. A policeman mounts the roof of a gambling den, and a whoremonger shames his family by pulling a ricksha
• Chapter 29. Second Treasure and her friend go in search of her brother, and an adopted relative takes the girls sight-seeing
• Chapter 30. The Zhaos move to new quarters that come with hired help, and an old barber complains about his worthless son in a teahouse
• Chapter 31. An uncle’s reproaches lead to the severing of family ties, and a difference in taste frustrates a would-be matchmaker
• Chapter 32. Gold Flower gets a whipping for imitating her better, and Twin Jade leaves a handkerchief as a token for her lover
• Chapter 33. Little Rouge is unhappy with the jade jewelry, and Lotuson Wang goes on a drunken rampage
• Chapter 34. The wanton shrew gets her just punishment, and the cuckolded lover gets married in revenge
• Chapter 35. Second Treasure, poverty-stricken, takes up the oldest profession, and River Blossom, falling ill, spoils everyone’s fun
• Chapter 36. A strange love feeds on constant squabbling, and a miracle cure depends on the good doctor
• Chapter 37. A willing apprentice is rewarded with torture, and a brothel hand is blackmailed into a loan
• Chapter 38. Second Treasure hopes for wedded bliss in the Shi family, and Harmony Qi hosts a party in Rustic Retreat
• Chapter 39. A drinking game sees ivory sticks fly at the pavilion, and golden carp draw fishing boats to compete on the lake
• Chapter 40. A bridge of magpies joins two stars on Lovers’ Day, and a witty pun is a stone that kills two birds
• Chapter 41. Harsh words in the boudoir kill old loyalties, and a reunion in the garden cures lovesickness
• Chapter 42. Water Blossom, leaving her beloved, departs this world, and Cloud Tao, worried about his brother, faces the funeral
• Chapter 43. An empty room is a potent reminder of lost love, and innocent words affirm that the dead will return
• Chapter 44. Wenjun tricks a rascal and gets off with a song, and Green Phoenix tackles greed by insisting on a low ransom
• Chapter 45. The vile crone changes color when a settlement is overturned, and the child courtesan gets jealous when left on the sidelines
• Chapter 46. Green Fragrance acquires new friends through child’s play, and Jade Tao revisits an old haunt for a memorial service
• Chapter 47. Cloudlet Chen has the good fortune of meeting a benefactor, and Snow Scent gets predictions for a male child
• Chapter 48. Mistake after mistake bars the gates of the mansion, and swindle after swindle exemplifies the ways of the marketplace
• Chapter 49. What’s returned to the owner becomes a target for theft, and a member of the family is marked for extortion
• Chapter 50. A rascal’s tactics are aimed at faultfinding, and a slight interruption brings a beating
• Chapter 51. A fugitive hides from an unwelcome guest, and a slave artiste vies with a courtesan
• Chapter 52. A young woman in a lonely bed dreads an empty room, and hospitality means a shared bed and chatting through the night
• Chapter 53. Flowers of different types are forcibly grafted together, and mating birds are driven asunder by a sudden alarm
• Chapter 54. A faithless lover half-heartedly plights his troth, and an unfaithful woman gets a well-deserved beating
• Chapter 55. Second Treasure is plagued by doubts despite her lover’s promise of marriage, and Verdure Xu is embarrassed for sharing a whore’s bed with his friends
• Chapter 56. Third Pan, the underground prostitute, plots a theft, and Yao, the daytime patron, stays the night
• Chapter 57. Honeyed words pacify a jealous wife, and persistent questions reveal a story of adultery
• Chapter 58. Young Mr. Li throws away his entire fortune, and Third Sister Chu excels at preposterous lies
• Chapter 59. Second Sister employs an old ruse to filch important documents, and Jade Wenjun begs for a poem to boost her fame
• Chapter 60. An old man gets an opium addict for a wife, and the keeper-turned-thief performs a vanishing act
• Chapter 61. An amateur archer shows superb marksmanship, and a clever servant labors over poetic composition
• Chapter 62. Simplicity Zhao’s affair with the servant girl is exposed, and Twin Jade overhears gossip about “wives”
• Chapter 63. Contributions are pooled to facilitate a good match, and wise plans are made to redirect Twin Jade’s feelings
• Chapter 64. Anger makes Second Treasure pawn her bracelet, and a kick in her chest causes internal injuries
• Afterword
• The World of the Shanghai Courtesans
• Series List