Good Faith in the Jurisprudence of the WTO

The Protection of Legitimate Expectations, Good Faith Interpretation and Fair Dispute Settlement

Marion Panizzon

• Publisher: Hart Publishing
• Year: 2006
• Print ISBN: 9781841136202
• eBook ISBN: 9781847312778
• Edition: 1
• Topic: Derecho
• Subtopic: Derecho mercantil internacional

What does the concept of good faith express? This book is the first to discuss what good faith means in international trade law. As a reference guide for scholars and practitioners it analyses the case law of WTO dispute settlement practice. The book describes how, why and when the concept of good faith links the WTO Agreements with other public international norms. The concept of good faith appears frequently in treaties and customary rules, but is most often considered a general principle of law. WTO law uses the corrolaries of pacta sunt servanda, the prohibition of abus de droit and the protection of legitimate expectation alongside the principle of good faith. An analysis of GATT 1947 and WTO case law reveals that the function of good faith varies. The Panel reports and the Appellate Body decisions make different use of it. The Appellate Body is prepared to apply the principle to WTO provisions only, while Panels use it more freely and substantively; that is, they apply good faith to fill lacunae in any of the WTO covered agreements. Also, adjudicators use the principle differently, depending on whether it relates to the agreements covered by the WTO or the procedural law of WTO dispute settlement. As it applies to the former, good faith is used to strike a balance between, on the one hand, the obligation to liberalise trade, and on the other hand, the right to invoke an exception to trade liberalisation for the protection of the environment, culture, public morals, human life or health. In this way, good faith safeguards the gains of multilateral trade liberalisation against unlawful interests such as disguised protectionism. The book also introduces the novel field of WTO procedural law governing trade dispute litigation. In the Dispute Settlement Understanding (DSU), good faith appears in the standard of review, rules of evidence and fact-finding, standing, duty of prior consultation, right of establishment of a panel, ex officio investigations, withdrawal of notices of appeal, and the raising of objections. In all these areas it ensures that the rules of dispute resolution are not abused. The Appellate Body has even gone so far as to derive a new standard from the principle of good faith that demands that disputes are settled fairly, promptly and effectively. Insights into good faith in WTO law are not only important for trade law professionals. Current applications and future operations of the principle are likely to be of strategic value for answering the increasingly pressing question of how WTO law and other international agreements ought to be reconciled.

Table of contents

• Half Title Page
• Half Title verso
• Title Page
• Title verso
• Acknowledgements
• Summary of Contents
• Contents
• Abbreviations
• Table of Cases
• Table of Treaties, Statutes and Documents
• 1. Introduction
• 2. Concepts and Contents of Good Faith in International Law
• 3. Good Faith and its Corrolaries in the Law of the WTO Agreements
• 4. The Normativity of Good Faith in the WTO Legal System
• 5. Scholarly Views and Judicial Arguments about the Functions of WTO Good Faith
• 6. Protection of Legitimate Expectations as GATT-specific Good Faith
• 7. Good Faith Interpretation of the WTO Agreements
• 8. Good Faith Non-interpretation by the WTO Appellate Body
• 9. Towards a WTO-specific Good Faith Interpretation?
• 10. Good Faith Rules and Procedures of WTO Disupte Settlement
• 11. The Good Faith Standard of Factual Review
• 12. Legitimate Expectations as to the Precedential Value of Dispute Settlement Reports
• 13. Conclusions
• Bibliography
• Index