Intention, Character, and Double Effect
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Intention, Character, and Double Effect

Lawrence Masek

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eBook - ePub

Intention, Character, and Double Effect

Lawrence Masek

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About This Book

The principle of double effect has a long history, from scholastic disputations about self-defense and scandal to current debates about terrorism, torture, euthanasia, and abortion. Despite being widely debated, the principle remains poorly understood. In Intention, Character, and Double Effect, Lawrence Masek combines theoretical and applied questions into a systematic defense of the principle that does not depend on appeals to authority or intuitions about cases. Masek argues that actions can be wrong because they corrupt the agent's character and that one must consider the agent's perspective to determine which effects the agent intends. This defense of the principle clears up common confusions and overcomes critics' objections, including confusions about trolley and transplant cases and objections from neuroscience and moral psychology. This book will interest scholars and students in different fields of study, including moral philosophy, action theory, moral theology, and moral psychology. Its discussion of contemporary ethical issues and sparse use of technical jargon make it suitable for undergraduate and graduate courses in applied ethics. The appendix summarizes the main cases that have been used to illustrate or to criticize the principle of double effect.

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Index

abortion, 144–46, 157, 163
absolutism
Catholic tradition and, 31
definition of, 26
label for, 26–27
moral dilemmas and, 28
PDE and, 27–30, 110, 182
source of, 30–31, 182
See also exceptionless rules
agency, direct vs. indirect, 167–69, 193–94, 199–200
agent-based definition of intended effects. See strict definition of intended effects
agents
corruption of, 13–15, 17–18, 21–22, 81–83, 130–31
effects, relation to, 19–20
judgments of, 76, 84–85, 195–96
perspective of, 34–35, 144, 170, 188–89
trolley cases and, 111–12, 116
victims, relation to, 129–30
See also character: intentions
alcoholic case, 18
allowing vs. doing, 28, 32–33
Anscombe, G. E. M.
bombing cases, 173–74
cave case, 59–60, 62–63
definition of intentions, 64
justification of PDE, 110
principle of side effects, 9
pumping water case, 60, 174–75
role in introducing PDE to secular Anglo-American philosophy, 173
under a description, 80–81
withdrawing child support case, 175–76
apologies, 85–86, 139
Aquinas, St. Thomas, 112, 121–22, 138–40, 171–72
arm-twisting case, 32–33, 188–89
assessments, 77
backsolving, 39, 64
See also Knobe effect
backpack case, 135–36
See also footbridge case
bank robbery cases, 43, 51, 63–64
Bennett, Jonathan, 83–84
bodily movements, 73, 79, 80–81, 86–87
bombing cases
explosion above a city case, 193–94
Hiroshima bombing, 172–73
Lewis bomber case, 193–94
midnight bombing case, 91–95
munitions grief case, 164–65, 196–97
Nagasaki bombing, 172–73
noon bombing, 91–95
overdetermined surrender case, 45–46, 191–92
Quinn and, 167–68, 193–94, 200
repopulated city case, 163–64
Scanlon and, 89–94
tactical bombings, 45, 83–84, 174
See also strategic bombing case; terror bombing case
Boyle, Joseph, 110, 170, 186–88
brain lesions, 132
bridge case. See footbridge case; rope bridge cases
bystander at the switch case. See switch case
bystander on the bridge. See footbridge case
cancer cases, 113
See also hysterectomy case
capital punishment. See executioner case
Cartesianism, 56, 170
Catholic tradition
craniotomy case and, 140–41, 178–79
PDE and, x, xii, 7, 31
See also Aquinas, St. Thomas; Gury, Jean Pierre
Cavanaugh, Thomas, 110
cave case
agent’s intention in, 49–51
Anscombe and, 59–60, 62–63, 175
Foot and, 37–38, 49, 179–80
cervical cancer. See hysterectomy case
chairman case. See Knobe effect
character
Catholic tradition and, xii, 31
corruption of, 13, 14–15, 17–19, 21, 81–85
intentions and, 19–24
Kantian rule and, 130–31
moral solipsism and, 17
parenting and, 9, 21, 83
PDE’s justification and, 12–15, 46, 62–63, 81–84, 148
chess, 13, 42, 44, 87–88, 133–34
children
desires of, 15
doll case, 82–83
envy cases, 4, 17–18, 22, 24, 125
intentions of, 40–41, 152
mumbled epithet case, 11–13, 16, 83
offensive toy case, 4, 11–13
See also parenting
Chisholm, Roderick, 187
closeness
Anscombe and, 59–60, 62–63
cave case and, 37–38, 59–60, 62–63, 179–80
craniotomy case and, 149, 152
definitions of, 41–42, 62
Foot and, 37–38, 59, 179–180
gerrymandering and appeals to, 54–55, 145
PDE’s justification and appeals to, 7, 62–64
problem of, 37–38, 59–64
repopulated city case and, 164, 199–200
sniper cases and, 63–64
stuttering case and, 42–43, 60–61, 186–87
trolley problem and appeals to, 119
See also di...

Table of contents