OECD Science, Technology and Industry Scoreboard 2017

OECD

• Publisher: OECD
• Year: 2017
• eBook ISBN: 9789264268821
• Topic: Social Sciences
• Subtopic: Sociology
• Index: Social Sciences

1. Knowledge economies and the digital transformation

Notes

Cyprus

The following note is included at the request of Turkey:

“The information in this document with reference to ‘Cyprus’ relates to the southern part of the Island. There is no single authority representing both Turkish and Greek Cypriot people on the Island. Turkey recognizes the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus (TRNC). Until a lasting and equitable solution is found within the context of the United Nations, Turkey shall preserve its position concerning the ‘Cyprus issue’.”

The following note is included at the request of all of the European Union Member States of the OECD and the European Union:

“The Republic of Cyprus is recognized by all members of the United Nations with the exception of Turkey. The information in this document relates to the area under the effective control of the Government of the Republic of Cyprus.”

Israel

“The statistical data for Israel are supplied by and under the responsibility of the relevant Israeli authorities or third party. The use of such data by the OECD is without prejudice to the status of the Golan Heights, East Jerusalem and Israeli settlements in the West Bank under the terms of international law.

“It should be noted that statistical data on Israeli patents and trademarks are supplied by the patent and trademark offices of the relevant countries.”

2. Mobile broadband penetration, OECD, G20 and BRIICS, 2016

For Argentina, Brazil, China, India, Indonesia, the Russian Federation, Saudi Arabia and South Africa, the data source is ITU World Telecommunication/ICT Indicators Database, July 2017.

For Israel, the data source is GSMA Intelligence.

For Switzerland and the United States, data are estimates.

3. M2M SIM card penetration, OECD, World and G20 countries, June 2017

Data for 2017, refer to the second quarter.

To ensure comparable data using the same methodology, data for all economies including OECD countries are sourced from GSMA Intelligence (www.gsmaintelligence.com, extracted September 2017). GSMA uses the following definition for measuring M2M connections: “A unique SIM card registered on the mobile network at the end of the period, enabling mobile data transmission between two or more machines. It excludes computing devices in consumer electronics such as e-readers, smartphones, dongles and tablets.”

4. Top M2M SIM card connections, June 2017

Data refer to the second quarter of 2017.

To ensure comparable data using the same methodology, data for all economies including OECD countries are sourced from GSMA Intelligence (www.gsmaintelligence.com, extracted September 2017). GSMA uses the following definition for measuring M2M connections: “A unique SIM card registered on the mobile network at the end of the period, enabling mobile data transmission between two or more machines. It excludes computing devices in consumer electronics such as e-readers, smartphones, dongles and tablets.”

5. Top players in emerging ICT technologies, 2012-15

Data refer to IP5 families, by filing date and the applicant’s residence, using fractional counts. Patent “bursts” correspond to periods characterised by a sudden and persistent increase in the number of patents filed by International Patent Classification (IPC) classes. Top patent bursts are identified by comparing the filing patterns of all IPC classes. The intensity of a patent burst refers to the relative strength of the observed increase in filing patterns. Only IPC classes featuring a positive burst intensity from 2010 are included. Data for 2014 and 2015 are incomplete.

Descriptions of IPC groups are available at: http://web2.wipo.int/classifications/ipc/ipcpub.

6. Intensity and development speed in ICT-related technologies, 2000-14

Patent “bursts” correspond to periods characterised by a sudden and persistent increase in the number of patents filed in ICT-related technologies. Top patent bursts are identified by comparing the filing patterns of all other technologies. The intensity of a patent burst refers to the relative strength of the observed increase in filing patterns. Data refer to IP5 patent families, by filing date, using fractional counts. Patents in ICT are identified using the list of IPC codes in Inaba and Squicciarini (2017). Only the top 25 ICT-related patent classes featuring a positive burst intensity from 2000 are included.

Descriptions of IPC groups are available at: http://web2.wipo.int/classifications/ipc/ipcpub.

7. Patents in artificial intelligence technologies, 2000-15

Data refer to the number of IP5 patent families in artificial intelligence (AI), by filing date and inventor’s country, using fractional counts. AI refers to the “Human interface” and “Cognition and meaning understanding” categories in the ICT patent taxonomy as described in Inaba and Squicciarini (2017). 2014 and 2015 figures are estimated based on available data for those years.

8. Patents for top technologies that embed artificial intelligence, 2000-05 and 2010-15

Data refer to the number of IP5 patent families in artificial intelligence (AI), by filing date and International Patent Classification (IPC) codes listed in patent documents that are not related to AI, using fractional counts. AI refers to the “Human interface” and “Cognition and meaning understanding” categories in the ICT patent taxonomy as described in Inaba and Squicciarini (2017). Data for 2014 and 2015 are incomplete.

9. Top 10 medical technologies combined with artificial intelligence, 2000-05 and 2010-15

Data refer to the number of IP5 patent families in medical technologies and in artificial intelligence (AI), by filing date and International Patent Classification (IPC) codes listed in patent documents that are not related to AI, using fractional counts. Patents are allocated to medical technologies on the basis of the IPC codes, following the concordance provided by WIPO (2013). AI refers to the “Human interface” and “Cognition and meaning understanding” categories in the ICT patent taxonomy as described in Inaba and Squicciarini (2017). Data for 2014 and 2015 are incomplete.

10. R&D in OECD and key partner countries, 2015

Owing to methodological differences, data for some OECD partner economies may not be fully comparable with figures for other countries.

Researchers’ data are in full-time units.

For Brazil, India and Indonesia, data are provided by the UNESCO Institute for Statistics.

For Canada and Mexico, data refer to 2015, 2013 and 2015.

For Australia, data refer to 2013, 2010 and 2013.

For Brazil, data refer to 2014, 2010 and 2014.

For France, data refer to 2015, 2014 and 2015.

For Indonesia, data refer to 2013, 2009 and 2013.

For Ireland, data refer to 2014, 2015 and 2014.

For Israel, data refer to 2015, 2012 and 2015 and defence R&D is partly excluded from available estimates.

For South Africa, data refer to 2013.

For the United States, data for researchers have been estimated based on contemporaneous data on business researchers and past data for other sectors.

11. Economies with the largest volume of top-cited scientific publications, 2005 and 2016

“Top-cited publications” are the 10% most-cited papers normalised by scientific field and type of document (articles, reviews and conference proceedings). The Scimago Journal Rank indicator is used to rank documents with identifical numbers of citations within each class. This measure is a proxy indicator of research excellence. Estimates are based on fractional counts of documents by authors affiliated to institutions in each economy.

12. Recent trends in scientific excellence, selected countries, 2005-16

“Top-cited publications” are the 10% most-cited papers normalised by scientific field and ty...

Table of contents

• Title page
• Legal and rights
• Foreword
• Acknowledgements
• Reader’s guide
• Executive summary
• 1. Knowledge economies and the digital transformation
• 2. Knowledge, talent and skills
• 3. Research excellence and collaboration
• 4. Innovation in firms
• 5. Leadership and competitiveness
• 6. Society and the digital transformation
• Data sources
• About the OECD