The Crisis of Democratic Theory

Scientific Naturalism and the Problem of Value

Edward A. PurcellJr., Edward A. Purcell Jr.

• Publisher: The University Press of Kentucky
• Year: 2014
• Print ISBN: 9780813101415
• eBook ISBN: 9780813146041
• Topic: Politics & International Relations
• Subtopic: Political Philosophy
• Index: Politics & International Relations

Widely acclaimed for its originality and penetration, this award-winning study of American thought in the twentieth century examines the ways in which the spread of pragmatism and scientific naturalism affected developments in philosophy, social science, and law, and traces the effects of these developments on traditional assumptions of democratic theory.

Notes

1. Scientific Naturalism in American Thought

1. Mortimer J. Adler, “The Chicago School,” Harper’s Magazine, 183 (September, 1941), 385.

2. Daily Maroon (University of Chicago), June 6, 1934.

3. Ibid., June 7, 1934.

4. Adler, “The Chicago School”, 385–86.

5. Daily Maroon, October 21, 1936.

6. For the growth of universities in the late nineteenth century see The Statistical History of the United States from Colonial Times to the Present (Stamford, Conn., 1965), 210–13; Richard Hofstadter, “The Revolution in Higher Education”, in Paths of American Thought, ed. Arthur M. Schlesinger, Jr. and Morton White (Boston, 1970 [1963]), 269–90; Hofstadter and C. DeWitt Hardy, The Development and Scope of Higher Education in the United States (New York, 1952); Lawrence R. Vesey, The Emergence of the American University (Chicago, 1965); William C. DeVane, Higher Education in Twentieth Century America (Cambridge, Mass., 1965); Frederick Rudolph, The American College and University: A History (New York, 1965 [1962]); Hugh Hawkins, Pioneer: A History of the Johns Hopkins University, 1874–1889 (Ithaca, New York, 1960); John S. Brubacher and Willis Rudy, Higher Education in Transition: An American History: 1636–1956 (New York, 1958); and for a different view, Henry Wilkinson Bragdon, Woodrow Wilson: The Academic Years (Cambridge, Mass., 1967).

7. Richard Hofstadter, “The Revolution in Higher Education,” in Paths of American Thought, ed. Schlesinger and White, 276.

8. Hawkins, Pioneer, 90, 293–305.

9. Rudolph, The American College and University, 432–33.

10. Richard Hofstadter and Walter P. Metzger, The Development of Academic Freedom in the United States (New York, 1955), 363.

11. William Graham Sumner, “Sociology,” in Social Darwinism: Selected Essays of William Graham Sumner, ed. Stow Persons (Englewood Cliffs, N. J., 1963), 14, 21, 10.

12. William Graham Sumner, Folkways: A Study of the Sociological Importance of Usages, Manners, Customs, Mores, and Morals (New York, 1940 [1906]), 41.

13. John Dewey, The Influence of Darwin on Philosophy and Other Essays in Contemporary Thought (New York, 1951 [1910]), 8–9.

14. William Graham Sumner, “Some Natural Rights,” in Social Darwinism, ed. Stow Persons, 65–69.

15. Charles E. Merriam, American Political Ideas: Studies in the Development of American Political Thought, 1865–1917 (New York, 1920), 470.

2. Naturalism & Objectivism in the Social Sciences

1. Leo F. Stock, “List of American Journals Devoted to the Humanistic and Social Sciences,” Bulletin of American Council of Learned Societies, 8 (October, 1928), 18–20.

2. Hornell Hart and Dorothy Hankins, “Three New Books on Social Research,” Social Forces, 8 (March, 1930), 449.

3. Horace M. Kallen, “Behaviorism,” Encyclopaedia of the Social Sciences (New York, 1930), 2:497.

4. Quoted in Bernard Crick, The American Science of Politics; Its Origins and Conditions (Berkeley, 1967), 101.

5. Albert Somit and Joseph Tanenhaus, American Political Science, a Profile of a Discipline (New York, 1964), 66.

6. Charles E. Merriam, New Aspects of Politics (Chicago, 1925), 214.

7. For Watson’s early work see J. B. Watson, “Psychology as the Behaviorist Views It,” Psychological Review, 20 (March, 1913), 158–77; “The Place of the Conditioned-Reflex in Psychology,” Psychological Review, 23 (March, 1916), 89–116; Behavior: An Introduction to Comparative Psychology (New York, 1914).

8. Albert Paul Weiss, A Theoretical Basis of Human Behavior (Columbus, Ohio. 1925), 7.

9. Walton Hamilton, “The Institutional Approach to Economic Theory,” American Economic Review, 9 (Supplement, March, 1919), 316.

10. Wesley C. Mitchell to John M. Clark, August 9, 1928, reprinted in Stuart A. Rice, ed., Methods in Social Science: A Case Book (Chicago, 1931), 678.

11. Wesley C. Mitchell, Business Cycles (Berkeley, 1913); Mitchell, Business Cycles: The Problem and Its Setting (New York, 1927); Walton H. Hamilton and Helen R. Wright, The Case of Bituminous Coal (New York, 1926); John R. Commons, Legal Foundations of Capitalism (New York, 1924).

12. Robert E. L. Faris, Chicago Sociology, 1920–1932 (San Francisco, 1967), 37.

13. Robert E. Park and Ernest W. Burgess, Introduction to the Science of Sociology (Chicago, 1921), 45.

14. Faris, Chicago Sociology, 120, 135–40.

15. G. A. Lundberg, Social Research: A Study in Methods of Gathering Data (New York, 1929), 25.

16. Franz Boas, “The Limitations of the Comparative Method of Anthropology,” reprinted in Race, Language and Culture (New York, 1966 [1940]), 270–80.

17. Clark Wissler, Man and Culture (New York, 1923), 251.

18. George W. Stocking, Jr., Race, Culture, and Evolution: Essays in the History of Anthropology (New York, 1968), 300.

19. C. Judson Herrick, “The Limitations of Science,” Journal of Philosophy, 26 (March 28, 1929), 187.

20. Forest E. Clements, “Quantitative Method in Ethnography,” American Anthropologist, n.s. 30 (April–June, 1928), 296.

21. L. L. Bernard, “Sociological Research and the Exceptional Man,” Papers of the American Sociological Society, 27 (1932), 4.

22. Howard Becker, Systematic Sociology on the Basis of the Beziehungslehre and Gebildelehre of Leopold Von Wiese (New York, 1932), 7.

23. Read Bain, “Scientist as Citizen,” Social Forces, 11 (March, 1933), 413.

24. William F. ...

Table of contents

• Cover
• Half title
• Title
• Copyright Page
• Contents
• Preface
• I The Problems of Democratic Theory
• II The Undermining of Democratic Theory
• III The Crisis of Democratic Theory
• IV The Resolution of Democratic Theory
• Notes
• A Note on Sources
• Index