Alexa is Stealing Your Job

The Impact of Artificial Intelligence on Your Future

Rhonda Scharf

• Publisher: Morgan James Publishing
• Year: 2019
• Print ISBN: 9781642794014
• eBook ISBN: 9781642794021
• Topic: Personal Development
• Subtopic: Forecasting

• It is predicted that 24 million US workers alone will be affected by artificial intelligence
• Helps employees prevent becoming redundant in the face of artificial intelligence
• Provides instant understanding of The Future of Work
• Reduces the fear that artificial intelligence is creating
• Helps readers feel in control of their career and future
• Asks the important questions that keep employees on the right track
• Includes real life stories and examples to show readers how to prepare themselves for the future of work
• Quick read on where we've been and where we are going with AI
• Outlines the pros and cons of AI in life and the workplace

Chapter 1

Get to Know Alexa—Before She Takes Your Job

Alexa sits on my counter. Officially, the product itself (a “smart speaker”) is known as Amazon Echo. Echo connects to Alexa, a “cloud-based voice service,” according to Amazon. Amazon named her Alexa after the Great Library of Alexandria in Alexandria, Egypt, one of the most important libraries of the ancient world. A font of knowledge and information. (In this book, I will refer to the smart speaker/voice service combination as Alexa.)

I originally bought Alexa as a toy, and to play music in my kitchen and living room. She connects with my Spotify and Apple Music accounts, has an excellent Bose speaker, and is fun to play with. I play “Question of the Day” and “Jeopardy” with Alexa every day. We have her connected to our television so she can turn it on and off when we want, and change the volume or the channels. We have her connected to our Nest thermostat so she can control the temperature of the house when we are not home (or even when we are home), and she can turn the lights on and off at our command. As you can imagine, she is far, far more than just a toy. In fact, Alexa may one day steal your job.

She is about to be a game changer. Amazon has sold more than 31 million of these cute little intelligent assistants.¹ One in six American households owns a smart speaker.² Each day that passes, Alexa learns more and more skills (as of March 2018, her skill count surpassed 30,000 different skills, and that number is growing daily).³ Her games are fun and entertaining, but they are not why Alexa is so popular. Alexa is popular because of her enormous potential—at home and in the office. She is going to make our lives easier by eliminating many of our time-consuming tasks. I am certain that I am not the only person who is looking for an easier life. I can’t be the only one who has ever said, “There must be an easier way!” There is an easier way and Alexa is just one simple example.

Alexa is an example of artificial intelligence, and many people are worried that artificial intelligence will put them out of a job and render them unemployable, sooner rather than later.

While you’re reading this book, I’m going to talk a lot about Alexa and other devices like her. You’ll get the idea, fairly early on, that I’m a fan of this technology and that is true. However, it does have its negatives and I’ll point out some of those, too.⁴

What is AI?

Artificial intelligence (AI) is intelligence demonstrated by machines. Humans and animals have natural intelligence. When a machine mimics cognitive functions such as thinking, problem-solving, learning, and understanding, it is considered to have artificial intelligence because it is the machine making the decisions and not a human behind the machine making the decisions.

For instance, my Alexa device can understand what I say to her. I don’t have to use a pre-set phrase to get her to respond. I can say to her, “What is the temperature outside?” and she will understand what that means. I can also use a variation of that question such as, “Is it hot outside?” and she will understand that as well.

Artificial intelligence (AI) is intelligence demonstrated by machines.

Prior to today’s artificial intelligence we had to use very specific phrases to get our computers to perform. The only way I could print a document was to use a pre-set command (Control + P) to get it to print. I couldn’t use any other sequence if I wanted the document to print. With my Alexa device, there are no set phrases that I need to memorize to ensure her comprehension. She is able to interpret my words and questions.

AI can also think through things, like how to play a game of chess (remember when Deep Blue became the first computer chess-playing system to beat reigning world chess champion Garry Kasparov in 1997?), driving a car, military simulations, and more.

Yes, there are many people who believe that artificial intelligence is the doomsday we have been fearing for centuries. In 2013, researchers at Oxford University predicted that 47 per cent of US jobs could be automated by 2033.⁵ In 2016, a report by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) said that nine per cent of jobs in the 21 OECD countries evaluated could be automated.⁶ McKinsey & Company is an American management consulting firm that conducts business and management analysis. In 2017, McKinsey’s research arm estimated AI-driven job losses at five per cent.⁷

Naysayers claim that 800 million jobs will be eradicated by AI worldwide, thereby rendering much of the population unemployed and potentially unemployable.⁸ They claim that our social systems will be exploited and AI will bankrupt our governments. Some go so far as to say that AI will eradicate humanity.

Advocates of AI tell us that we can look forward to a life of leisure—our future will feature robots to take care of the mundane and routine tasks that currently fill our days.

And those in the middle (myself included) recognize that this is just another step in our evolution. We have had two industrial revolutions, changes in transportation, the digital revolution (also known as the third industrial revolution), and now the fourth industrial revolution: artificial intelligence (see Chapter Two for the history of AI). Like the previous changes we’ve seen in history, AI may be disruptive in the short term, but if we are smart about what we do and how we do it, it will not trigger humanity’s final countdown. We are evolving, just like 30 years ago with the digital revolution—but at a much faster pace.

We are evolving, just like 30 years ago with the digital revolution—but at a much faster pace.

Machine learning, robotics, 3D printing, and artificial intelligence are having a significant impact in what feels like a short period of time because of a combination of three powerful tech-driven events: the rapid digitization of the economy (we are creating trillions of gigabytes of data every year); the affordable cost of storing all that data; and an explosion in powerful computing power. What that means in simple terms is that we are creating an incredible amount of data daily, we can store it fairly cheaply, and computers have the ability to do things with that data much faster and more accurately than humans are physically capable of.

It is true that not all jobs that existed in 1988 still exist today. The role of the secretary has evolved to become executive assistant or strategic partner. Secretarial tasks such as taking dictation and typing documents have been eliminated or have changed dramatically. Many companies no longer exist. As a matter of fact, of the Fortune 500 companies that existed in 1955, only 54 companies remain—that’s 446 companies that have either gone bankrupt, merged with (or were acquired by) another firm, or that still exist but are no longer on the Fortune 500 list. Ninety-three per cent of those Fortune 500 companies did not weather the test of time. Some of that is due to the changing needs of society. In this book, you’ll see some examples of companies that didn’t evolve and have disappeared, such as Blockbuster. I’ll also touch on other organizations such as Amazon, Netflix, and the City of Cary, NC, that have embraced artificial intelligence and maximized their efficiency and profitability. Things change, people change, needs change—companies must change.

The artificial intelligence revolution won’t be our downfall. It will change the way we work and the jobs we do, in the same way that previous technological breakthroughs eliminated many repetitive tasks in the past. If you are smart and embrace AI and its potential, it will open your doors to bigger and better things, a more comfortable existence with the removal of menial and repetitive tasks, and actual work/life balance.

Instead of replacing human mechanical skills with tools and machinery, we are replacing cognitive functions, such as our ability to make decisions and predictions about future events, with AI. Since we’ve only ever seen this happen in television and the movies, we don’t know exactly what to expect.

If you aren’t prepared, you might see Alexa and her colleagues (Siri, Cortana, Watson, and others) take your job. You are also likely to see changes in your job, as AI starts to infiltrate everything we do. That doesn’t have to be negative. The industrial revolution did get rid of a lot of jobs, but they were replaced by others. When we mechanized the factory line, we saw a switch to more skilled labor rather than physical labor. Computers changed virtually everyone’s job, yet they created more employment than they replaced. Original naysayers said they would replace millions of jobs, yet they didn’t.

Artificial intelligence will be the same. Artificial intelligence is a cultural shift, a mindset shift, and an organizational shift. It’s up to you whether you will be replaced by AI, and I am hoping that after reading this book you will be in a better place to make yourself relevant.

AI doesn’t have to be bad. In fact, I’m convinced that it will be fantastic.

Chapter 2

AI—Where We’ve Been and Where We’re Going

Depending on your age, your first knowledge of robots and artificial intelligence probably came from science fiction TV shows and movies.

Whether it was through exposure to the sentient computer HAL in 2001: A Space Odyssey, the Mechanical Hound from Fahrenheit 451, The Stepford Wives, or even the droids in Star Wars, we have been conditioned to believe that computers, robots or artificial intelligence would be our future—and lead to our ultimate destruction.

I don’t believe that ultimate destruction is true, but it is what some people believe.

Blaming this notion of destruction on popular culture, however, is unfair. Artificial intelligence started long before robots and humanoids were introduced to us in the movies. Back in 1968, HAL seemed revolutionary, but he wasn’t. The concept of artificial servants and companions dates back to ancient Greek legends of mythical beings such as Cadmus, who is said to have sown dragon teeth that turned into soldiers, and Pygmalion, whose statue of Galatea came to life—two of the first depictions of artificial intelligence.

One of the earliest descriptions of automatons is found in China’s Liezi, a Daoist text, which mentions an encounter sometime between 1023 and 957 BC between King Mu of Zhou and Yan Shi, a mechanical engineer (or “artificer”) who allegedly presented the king with a life-sized, human-shaped mechanical figure.

King Ajatashatru was the King of the Magadha (Eastern India) empire from 495 to 462 BC. Legends tell how he gathered and hid the Buddha’s relics, protecting them with mechanical robots.

There are many examples of automatons in medieval literature, and mentions of machines similar to robots can be found as long ago as the fourth century BC when the Greek mathematician Archytas of Tarentum created a mechanical bird. Even the Greek philosopher Aristotle speculated in his Politics that automatons could someday bring about human equality by making possible the abolition of slavery: “There is only one condition in which we can imagine managers not needing subordinates, and masters not needing slaves. This condition would be that each instrument could do its own work, at the word of command or by intelligent anticipation, like the statues of Daedalus or the tripods made by Hephaestus . . .”⁹

Our imagination has allowed us to believe that we can make humanoids who can walk among us undetected, or computers that can do the job of any professional. In reality, the foundations of AI have been around for a long time. In 1495, inventor Leonardo da Vinci is said to have sketched a humanoid robot. His sketch was discovered in the 1950s and a robot based on his design was created—it worked.

There is evidence that automatons that could act, draw, fly, or play music were created around 1700. In the early 1700s, French inventor Jacques de Vaucanson created the “Digesting Duck,” which could imitate a real duck by flapping its wings, eating grain, digesting it, and defecating by excreting matter stored in a hidden compartment.

The word “robot” was introduced by Czech writer Karel Čapek in his 1920 play R.U.R. (Rossum’s Universal Robots). The word means labor and comes from the Slavic word robota.

The 1939 World’s Fair in New York featured a seven-foot humanoid robot known as Elektro, built by Westinghouse. Elektro could walk by voice command, speak about 700 words, smoke cigarettes, blow up balloons, and move its head and arms.

Businessman Joseph Engelberger and inventor George Devol created the first robot used in the workplace, in 1956.¹⁰ This hydraulic robot (known as U...

Table of contents

• Cover
• Title
• Copyright
• Dedication
• Table of Contents
• Acknowledgements
• Introduction: Change is Coming and You Have a Choice to Make
• Chapter 1: Get to Know Alexa—Before She Takes Your Job
• Chapter 2: AI—Where We’ve Been and Where We’re Going
• Chapter 3: Artificial Intelligence in the Workplace
• Chapter 4: A Dose of Reality
• Chapter 5: Jobs Are Changing. Will you be Blockbuster or Cary, NC?
• Chapter 6: Moving Tech From Behind the Scenes to Front-and-Center
• Chapter 7: Trainers, Explainers, and Sustainers
• Chapter 8: AI and Customer Service
• Chapter 9: AI and HR—a Match Made in Heaven
• Chapter 10: AI and Efficiency
• Chapter 11: Your Future is up to You
• About the Author