New Testament Greek Syntax Laminated Sheet

Daniel B. Wallace

• Publisher: Zondervan Academic
• Year: 2019
• ISBN:
  9780310108290
• Topic: Theology & Religion
• Subtopic: Biblical Reference

This summary laminated sheet of Greek Grammar beyond the Basics and Basics of New Testament Syntax is perfect for students to review categories of uses and look over possibilities when doing exegesis of the New Testament.

Verbs and Verbals

VOICE

Indicates how subject is related to the action or state expressed by the verb

Active

Subject performs or experiences the action or exists in the state expressed by the vb

1. Simple: subj performs or experiences vb’s action

2. Causative (Ergative): subj is ultimate source or cause of vb’s action: cause to + vb

3. Stative: subj exists in state indicated by vb

4. Reflexive: subj acts upon himself/herself (reflexive pron is the dir obj)

Middle

Subject performs or experiences action expressed by the vb so as to emphasize the subj’s participation

1. Direct: subj acts on himself/herself: vb + self (as dir obj)

2. Indirect (Benefactive, Intensive, Dynamic): subj acts for himself/herself, or in his/her own interest

3. Permissive: subj allows something to be done for or to himself/ herself

4. Deponent: middle in form but active in meaning

Passive

Subject is acted upon or receives the action expressed by the vb

1. Simple: subj receives the action of the vb

2. Deponent: passive in form but active in meaning

MOOD

The feature of the verb that presents verbal action or state with reference to its actuality or potentiality

Indicative

The mood of assertion, or presentation of certainty

1. Declarative: presents assertion as non-contingent (or unqualified) statement

2. Interrogative: asks question that expects assertion

3. Conditional: See Conditional Sentences below

4. Potential: assertion of obligation, wish, or desire (ὀφείλω; δεῖ; βούλομαι; θέλω) + inf

5. Indicative with Ὅτι:

A. Substantival Ὅτι Clauses (that): Subj, Dir Obj, Direct Discourse, Indirect Discourse, Apposition (namely, that)

B. Epexegetical: explains or clarifies or completes previous word or phrase

C. Causal (Adverbial): because

Subjunctive

Represents verbal action (or state) as uncertain but probable; grammaticalizes potentiality (may be cognitive probability or volitional intentionality)

IN INDEPENDENT CLAUSES

1. Hortatory (Volitive): exhort oneself & one’s associates: let us (1st pers pl)

2. Deliberative (Dubitative): asks real (cognitive: How can we . . . ?) or rhetorical question (volitional: Should we . . . ?)

3. Emphatic Negation: οὐ μή plus the aorist subjunctive (strong negation)

4. Prohibitive: like prohibitive imper (usu. μή + aorist subj)

IN DEPENDENT CLAUSES

1. Subjunctive in Conditional Sentences: See Conditional Sentences below

2. Ἵνα + Subjunctive

A. Purpose Ἵνα Clause (in order that)

B. Result Ἵνα Clause (so that, with the result that)

C. Purpose-Result Ἵνα Clause: indicates both intention & accomplishment (in order that)

D. Substantival Ἵνα Clause (Subfinal): subj, pred nom, dir obj, apposition

3. Subjunctive with Verbs of Fearing: μή + subj after vbs of fearing, warning, watching out for

4. Subjunctive in Indirect Questions: indirect deliberative question

5. Subjunctive in Indefinite Relative Clause: subj used after ὅστις (ἄν/ἐάν) or ὅς (δ’) ἄν

6. Subjunctive in Indefinite Temporal Clause: subj after tempor...