Security, Loyalty, and Science

Walter Gellhorn

• Publisher: Cornell University Press
• Year: 2019
• Topic: Politics & International Relations
• eBook ISBN:
  9781501740695
• Subtopic: National Security
• Index: Politics & International Relations

Both sides of a sensitive problem are assessed by Professor Gellhorn in this penetrating analysis of national security and its effect upon scientific progress.

The costs and advantages of secrecy in certain areas of science and the conflict between national safety and individual rights in the administration of our federal loyalty program are presented; all the arguments are objectively weighed. The book answers such questions as: Can young scientists be well trained when publication and teaching are not free? Have we gone far enough-or too far-in avoiding "security risks" in important scientific establishments? How does the federal drive against "potentially disloyal" persons actually work? Do "fear of the smear" and crude methods discourage public service by American scientists?

This study, a unit of an investigation of control of subversive activities supported by grants from the Rockefeller Foundation, is based upon two years of research and numerous field interviews of scientists, administrators, defense officials, and educators. Security, Loyalty, and Science is a volume in the series Cornell Studies in Civil Liberty, of which Robert E. Cushman is advisory editor.

Index

Abstracts of Classified Documents, published by AEC, 42

Academic freedom, effect of classified research on, 181

“Activities, subversive,” see “Subversive activities”

Advisory committees, inadequacy of, for government research projects, 51

Aeroballistics Facility, operated by military services, 92

African Affairs, Council on, see Council on African Affairs

Air Force, Department of: personnel security and loyalty procedures, 97-98, 260; German Aviation Medicine, 250

Air Force Loyalty-Security Hearing Board, and summary dismissal, 97

Air Force Loyalty-Security Review Board, review of summary dismissals, 97

Air Force Personnel Security Board, see Personnel Security Board

Alamogordo guided missiles project, operated by military services, 92

Allison, Samuel K., 187; “The State of Physics; or the Perils of Being Important,” 253-254

Alloy X, 71

American Association for the Advancement of Science, criticism of composition of IERB, 104

American Bar Association, Canon 19, quoted, 277

American Cancer Society, 187

American Civil Liberties Union: criticism of composition of IERB, 104; called communist, 151

American Committee for Protection of Foreign Born, on Attorney General’s list, 138

American Institute of Physics, on fellowships to Communists, 190, 270

American Labor Party of New York: on Attorney General’s list, 146; record of, 147

American Legion, called fascist, 135-136

American Medical Association, use of “communistic,” 135

American Patriots, Inc., on Attorney General’s list, 136

American Review of Soviet Medicine, killed by Loyalty Order, 161-162

American Review on the Soviet Union, 142

American Russian Institute, on Attorney General’s list, 141

American-Soviet Medical Society, killed by Loyalty Order, 161

American Spanish Aid Committee, not on Attorney General’s list, 146

American Youth for Democracy, on Attorney General’s list, 148

Amherst College, research in radiobiology and chemical genetics, 266

Anthony, Garner, 260

Anti-Lewisite, see British Anti-Lewisite

Appeals under Air Force: to Air Force Security Hearing Board, 97; to Air Force Loyalty-Security Review Board, 97; see also Hearings and Review boards

Appeals under Army: to Security Review Board, 96; to Industrial Employment Review Board, 101; see also Hearings and Review boards

Appeals under Atomic Energy Commission: to local security board, 84; to Personnel Security Review Board, 84; see also Hearings and Review boards

Appeals under Loyalty Order: to department head, 130; to Regional Loyalty Board, 130; to Loyalty Review Board, 130; see also Hearings and Review boards

Appeals under Navy: to Navy Department Loyalty Appeal Board, 96-97; to Loyalty Review Board (Civil Service Commission), 96-97; see also Hearings and Review boards

Appropriation acts (1941 to date), Communist clauses in, 132

Arco, Idaho, AEC operations office at, 82

Argonne National Laboratory, 269, 274; secrecy at, 72; operated by University of Chicago and 30 institutions, 80

Army Intelligence Division, 95

Army Mem. No. 380-5-10, 260...

Table of contents

• Introduction
• I Keeping Secrets
• II The Balance Sheet of Secrecy
• III The Proper Limits of Secrecy
• IV The Standards and Mechanics of Security Clearance
• V The Spreading of Security Requirements
• VI The Loyalty of Federal Scientists
• VII The Universities and Security Searches
• VIII The Need for Fair Procedures
• IX Concluding Thoughts
• Appendix A Declassification Policy
• Appendix B AEC Criteria for Determining Eligibility for Personnel Security Clearance
• Notes
• Acknowledgments
• Index