1 Larry King Live: “Interview with Dick Cheney and Lynne Cheney” (CNN television broadcast, May 30, 2005) (emphasis added), available at http://transcripts.cnn.com/TRANSCRIPTS/0505/30/lkl.01.html.
2 Texas Governor George W. Bush’s campaign focused on issues of “compassionate conservatism,” his stated view that conservative policies could be brought to bear to address social ills. Another focus of his campaign was the perceived ethical transgressions of the Clinton Administration, and the Starr Investigation in particular. Governor Bush promised to restore “honor and dignity to the White House.” “Capital Gang: Lieberman Takes the Heat; Bush, McCain Meet in Arizona; Are the Democrats Getting Tough on Hollywood?” (CNN television broadcast, Aug. 13, 2000) available at http://transcripts.cnn.com/TRANSCRIPTS/0008/13/cg.00.html.
3 See Commission on Presidential Debates, Unofficial Debate Transcript, Oct. 3, 2000, available at http://www.debates.org/pages/trans2000a.html. Vice President Cheney also stated in an interview, in the midst the 2000 presidential campaign, that the U.S. should not act as though “we were an imperialist power, willy-nilly moving into capitals in that part of the world, taking down governments.” Meet the Press: “Interview with Vice President Dick Cheney” (NBC television broadcast, Aug. 27, 2000).
4 Bryan Burrough, Evgenia Peretz, David Rose, & David Wise, “The Path to War,” Vanity Fair, May 1, 2004, at 228, 232.
5 President George W. Bush, State of the Union Address (Jan. 29, 2002), available at http://www.whitehouse.gov/news/releases/2002/01/20020129-11.html.
6 President George W. Bush, Graduation Speech at West Point (June 1, 2002), available at http://www.whitehouse.gov/news/releases/2002/06/20020601-3.html. He further noted that “[t]he war on terror will not be won on the defensive. We must take the battle to the enemy.... And this nation will act.” Ibid.
7 On “multiple” occasions, Cheney and Libby questioned analysts studying alleged Iraq’s weapons programs and links to Al Qaeda.. Walter Pincus, “Some Iraq Analysts Felt Pressure From Cheney,” The Washington Post, June 5, 2003, at A1
8 For example, on August 22, 2002, the President stated that he was willing to “look at all options.” Adam Nagourney & Thom Shanker, “A ‘Patient’ Bush Says He’ll Weigh All Iraq Options”, the New York Times, Aug. 22, 2002, at A1. Later that year, he stated, “Of course, I haven’t made up my mind we’re going to war with Iraq.” President George W. Bush, Remarks on Terrorism Insurance (Oct. 1, 2002), available at http://www.whitehouse.gov/news/releases/2002/10/20021001-1.html.
9 Frank Rich, “It’s Bush-Cheney, Not Rove-Libby”, the New York Times, Oct. 16, 2005, at 12.
10 The President stated that Iraq was a “grave and gathering danger.” President George W. Bush, Remarks at the U.N. General Bssembly (Sept. 12, 2002), available at http://www.whitehouse.gov/news/releases/2002/09/20020912-1.html. He also said that the U.S. would “not allow any terrorist or tyrant to threaten civilization with weapons of mass murder.” President George W. Bush, Remarks to the Nation on the Anniversary of Terrorist Attacks (Sept. 11, 2002), available at http://www.whitehouse.gov/news/releases/2002/09/20020911-3.html.
11 Letter from Dr. Naji Sabri, Iraq Minister of Foreign Affairs, to Kofi Annan, U.N. Secretary-General (Sept. 16, 2002), available at http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/news/archive/2002/09/16/international1954EDT0706.DTL.
12 President George W. Bush, President Discusses Iraq, Domestic Agenda with Congressional Leaders (Sept. 18, 2002), available at http://www.whitehouse.gov/news/releases/2002/09/20020918-1.html. The next day, the President stated how important it was that Congress pass a resolution authorizing the use of force in Iraq. President George W. Bush, President Bush to Send Iraq Resolution to Congress Today (Sept. 19, 2002), available at http://www.whitehouse.gov/news/releases/2002/09/20020919-1.html.
13 On October 7, 2002, President Bush warned that the final proof of Iraq’s weapons of mass destruction (WMD) could come in the form of a “mushroom cloud” and subsequently requested Congressional authorization for war. President George W. Bush, Remarks on Iraq (Oct. 7, 2002), available at http://www.whitehouse.gov/news/releases/2002/10/20021007-8.html.
14 H.J. Res. 114, 107th Cong. 2d Sess. (2002) (enacted as Authorization for Use of Military Force Bgainst Iraq Resolution of 2002, Pub. L. No. 107-243, 116 Stat. 1498 (2002)). Several Members of Congress, including Ranking Member Conyers, filed suit in Federal court arguing the resolution was Constitutionally deficient. Among other things, the suit alleged that the text of the resolution did not explicitly invoke the War Powers Act and unconstitutionally delegated the Congressional power to declare war to the Executive Branch. The suit was ultimately unsuccessful [Doe v. Bush, 323 F.3d 133 (1st Cir. 2003).] While substantial questions remain about whether this resolution appropriately authorized the use of force in Iraq, it has come to be known as a joint resolution “for the use of force” and will be referred to as such in this report.
16 President George W. Bush, Remarks at the Signing of the Iraq Resolution (Oct.16, 2002), available at http://www.whitehouse.gov/news/releases/2002/10/20021016-1.html
17 S.C. Res 1441, U.N. SCOR, 4644th mtg., S/2002/1198 (2002), available at http://www.un.int/usa/sresiraq.htm. The resolution made clear that only the United Nations Security Council had the right to take punitive action against Iraq in ...