Population Growth, Social Segregation, and Voting Behavior in Lima, Peru, 1940–2016

Henry A. Dietz

• Publisher: University of Notre Dame Press
• Year: 2019
• Print ISBN: 9780268106133
• eBook ISBN: 9780268106157
• Topic: History
• Subtopic: Latin American & Caribbean History
• Index: History

As one of South America's larger capital cities, Lima, Peru, is remarkably understudied as a demographic and economic entity unto itself. In this important book, Henry Dietz presents an in-depth historical, sociological, and political analysis of a major Latin American city in the post–World War II period. Dietz examines electoral data for Lima's districts from six censuses conducted between 1940 and 2007, framed against a backdrop of extensive demographic data for the city, to trace the impact of economic collapse and extended insurgency on Lima and its voters. Urbanization in Lima since World War II has at times been rapid, violent, and traumatic, and has resulted in marked social inequalities. Dietz looks at how equity across the city has not in general improved; Lima is today segregated both spatially and socially. Dietz asks if and how a high degree of segregation manifests itself politically as well as socially and spatially. Do urban dwellers living under profound and enduring social segregation consistently support different parties and candidates? As institutional political parties have faded since the 1990s and have been replaced by personalist movements, candidacies, and governments, Dietz explores how voters of different social classes behave. The result is a vital resource for researchers seeking well-contextualized information on elections and economics in Peru. This book will be of interest to scholars of politics or economics, especially in Latin America, but also to a much wider audience interested in how the developments in Lima, Peru, affect the global sociopolitical climate.

INDEX

Page numbers followed by t indicate tables. Page numbers in italics indicate illustrations.

Acción Popular (AP, Popular Action), 9, 49, 62, 69–70, 88, 153, 167–70, 181

AP/DC coalition, 65–68, 66t, 170

support for, 103–11, 127–32, 147–50, 153, 170–73, 177

administration labor, 18

adobe construction, 58, 121–22, 143, 160–61

Age of the Oligarchy/Aristocracy (República aristocrática), 10, 12–13, 16

agriculture, 15, 18, 22, 37, 55–56, 159–60

alanistas (supporters of Alan García), 190n1

Alarcón, Daniel, 87

Alianza 2000, 127–28

Alianza Popular (APRA/PPC coalition), 153–54

Alianza Popular Revolucionaria Americana (APRA), 9, 16, 88, 181

APRA/PPC coalition (Alianza Popular), 153–54

APRA/UNO coalition, 65–68, 66t, 170

emergence, 30

feud with military, 70

leadership, 135–36

support, 49, 101–11, 124–32, 146–52, 166–79, 185n2, 190n2

supporters (apristas), 166, 190n1, 192n2

alma limeña (soul or spirit of Lima), 1

Amazonas, 131

analytic framework, 1–28

Ancón

1876 population, 11, 11t

1940 population, 32–33

1993 population, 113

creation, xiii

education levels, 139

housing, 122

labor force, 142

map, xi

voting behavior, 44, 46t

Andrade, Alberto, 128–32, 155, 168, 175, 179

AP. See Acción Popular

AP/DC coalition, 65–68, 66t,
170

apartments (departamentos), 79–81, 96, 120, 161

APRA. See Alianza Popular Revolucionaria Americana

APRA/PPC coalition (Alianza Popular), 153–54

APRA/UNO coalition, 65–68, 66t, 170

apristas (supporters of APRA), 166, 190n1, 192n2

APS, 188n1

Arequipa, Peru, 11, 15, 31

ARS, 101, 189n9

Artola, Armando, 76

Ate

1876 population, 11t

1940 population, 32

1961 population, 52, 54–55, 185n1, 187n3

1972 population, 74–75, 85

1993 population, 119–20

2007 population, 137, 141–42

creation, xiii

electricity, 121

housing, 80, 121–22

labor force, 54–55, 119–20, 141–42, 160, 185n1

map, xi

population growth, 92, 137

pueblos jóvenes, 60

SES ranking, 61, 85, 99, 123, 145, 165

voting behavior, 44, 46t, 62–65

Ayacucho, 89

Balta, José, 10

Bambarén, Luís, 76

Barranco, 26, 32

1876 population, 11t

1908 population, 13

1931 population, 17

1981 population, 92

1993 population, 115

2007 population, 136–37

creation, xiii, 19

electricity, 82–83

housing, 57–58, 81, 97, 121, 143

labor force, 38, 54–55

map, xi

population growth, 74

SES ranking, 43, 61, 85–86, 99, 123, 145, 165

voting behavior, 44, 46, 62–63

Barrantes, Alfonso, 105–8, 172

barriadas (slums), 48, 50, 59

barrios marginales (marginal neighborhoods), 59

Bedoya Reyes, Luís, 66

behavioral options, 7–8

Belaúnde Terry, Fernando, 9

1956 presidential election, 62–63

1963 presidential election, 63–65, 103

presidencies, 49, 69–70, 87–89, 107, 110–11, 180

support for, 62–67, 103–6, 166, 169–70, 187n9

Belmont Cassinelli, Ricardo, 124–30, 155, 168, 172–75, 179

Benavides, Oscar, 16, 30

Benedict XV (pope), 76

Billinghurst, Guillermo, 12

blue-collar workers (obreros), 21–22, 186n4

1920 labor force, 15

1931–40 labor force, 37–38

1940 labor force, 159–60

1961 labor force, 54–55

1972 labor force, 78

1981 labor force, 93–95

1993 labor force, 118–19

2007 labor force, 140–42, 160

voting behavior, 187n9

Breña

1961 population, 51

2007 population, 136–37

creation, xiii, 51

electricity, 82–83

housing, 57–58, 80–81, 97, 121

map, xi

population density, 92

SES conditions, 51

SES ranking, 61, 85, 99, 123, 145

voting behavior, 62–63, 150

brick-and-mortar construction, 121, 143–44, 160–61

building heights, 92

Bustamante y Rivero, José Luís, 45, 46–47, 49, 169–70, 189n11

Cajamarca, Peru, 32

calamina (ribbed metal or synthetic sheeting), 121

Callao, Peru, xi, 31, 50, 83, 184n11

callejones (alleyway housing), 23, 40–...

Table of contents

• Half Title
• Title Page
• Copyright
• Table of Contents
• List of Tables
• Acknowledgments
• Map of Lima with District Names and Boundaries
• Dates of Creation for Lima’s Districts
• ONE Lima, 1940–2007: An Analytic Framework and 1Some Background to 1940
• TWO Lima in 1940
• THREE Lima in 1961
• FOUR Lima in 1972
• FIVE Lima in 1981
• SIX Lima in 1993
• SEVEN Lima in 2007
• EIGHT Discussion and Conclusions
• Notes
• References
• Index