Power Pivot and Power BI

The Excel User's Guide to DAX, Power Query, Power BI & Power Pivot in Excel 2010-2016

Rob Collie, Avichal Singh

• Publisher: Holy Macro! Books
• Year: 2015
• Print ISBN: 9781615470396
• eBook ISBN: 9781615473496
• Edition: 1
• Topic: Commerce
• Subtopic: Business Intelligence

Microsoft PowerPivot is a free add-on to Excel from Microsoft that allows users to produce new kinds of reports and analyses that were simply impossible before, and this book is the first to tackle DAX formulas, the core capability of PowerPivot, from the perspective of the Excel audience. Written by the world's foremost PowerPivot blogger and practitioner, the book's concepts and approach are introduced in a step-by-step manner tailored to the learning style of Excel users everywhere. The techniques presented allow users to produce, in hours or even minutes, results that formerly would have taken entire teams weeks or months to produce. The "pattern-like" techniques and best practices contained in this book have been developed and refined over two years of onsite training with Excel users around the world, and the key lessons from those seminars costing thousands of dollars per day are now available within the pages of this easy-to-follow guide. This updated edition covers new features introduced with Office 2015.

1 - A Revolution Built On YOU

Does This Sound Familiar?

(Updated Fall 2015, but we decided to leave this part in Rob’s first-person “voice” – because the authenticity is better-preserved).

In the movie Fight Club, Edward Norton’s character refers to the people he meets on airplanes as “single serving friends” – people he befriends for three hours and never sees again. I have a unique perspective on this phenomenon, thanks to a real-world example that is relevant to this book.

A woman takes her seat for a cross-country business flight and is pleased to see that her seatmate appears to be a reasonably normal fellow. They strike up a friendly conversation, and when he asks her what she does for a living, she gives the usual reply: “I’m a marketing analyst.”

That answer satisfies 99% of her single-serving friends, at which the conversation typically turns to something else. However, this guy is the exception, and asks the dreaded follow-up question: “Oh, neat! What does that mean?”

She sighs, ever so slightly, because the honest answer to that question always bores people to death. Worse than that actually: it often makes the single-serving friend recoil a bit, and express a sentiment bordering on pity.

But she’s a factual sort of person, so she gives a factual answer: “well, basically I work with Excel all day, making PivotTables.” She fully expects this to be a setback in the conversation, a point on which we share no common ground.

Does this woman’s story sound familiar? Do you occasionally find yourself in the same position?

Well imagine her surprise when this particular single-serving friend actually becomes excited after hearing her answer! He lights up – it’s the highlight of his day to meet her.

Because, you see, on this flight, she sat down next to me. And I have some exciting news for people like her, which probably includes you 

Excel Pros: The World Is Changing in Your Favor

If you are reading this, I can say confidently that the world is in the early stages of an incredible discovery: it is about to realize how immensely valuable YOU are. In large part, this book is aimed at helping you reap the full rewards available to you during this revolution.

That probably sounds pretty appealing, but why am I so comfortable making bold pronouncements about someone I have never met? Well, this is where the single-serving friend thing comes in: I have met many people like you over the years, and to me, you are very much ‘my people.’

In fact, for many years while I worked at Microsoft, it was my job to meet people like you. I was an engineer on the Excel team, and I led a lot of the efforts to design new functionality for relatively advanced users.

Meeting those people, and watching them work, was crucial, so I traveled to find them. When I was looking for people to meet, the only criteria I applied was this: you had to use Excel for ten or more hours per week.

I found people like that (like you!) all over the world, in places ranging from massive banks in Europe to the back rooms of automobile dealerships in Portland, Oregon. There are also many of you working at Microsoft itself, working in various finance, accounting, and marketing roles, and I spent a lot of time with them as well (more on this later).

Over those years, I formed a ‘profile’ of these ‘ten hour’ spreadsheet people I met. Again, see if this sounds familiar.

Attributes of an Excel Pro:

• They grab data from one or more sources.
• They prep the data, often using VLOOKUP.
• They then create pivots over the prepared data.
• Sometimes they subsequently index into the resulting pivots, using formulas, to produce polished reports. Other times, the pivots themselves serve as the reports.
• They then share the reports with their colleagues, typically via email or by saving to a network drive.
• They spend at least half of their time re-creating the same reports, updated with the latest data, on a recurring basis.

At first, it seemed to be a coincidence that there was so much similarity in the people I was meeting. But over time it became clear that this was no accident. It started to seem more like a law of physics – an inevitable state of affairs. Much like the heat and pressure in the earth’s crust seize the occasional pocket of carbon and transform it into a diamond, the demands of the modern world ‘recruit’ a certain kind of person and forge them into an Excel Pro.

ⓘ Aside: Most Excel Pros do not think of themselves as Pros: I find that most are quite modest about their skills. However, take it from someone who has studied Excel usage in depth: if you fit the bulleted criteria above, you are an Excel Pro. Wear the badge proudly.

I can even put an estimate on how many of you are out there. At Microsoft we used to estimate that there were 300 million users of Excel worldwide. This number was disputed, and might be too low, especially today. It’s a good baseline, nothing more. But that was all users of Excel – from the most casual to the most expert. Our instrumentation data further showed us that only 5-10% of all Excel users created PivotTables.

‘Create’ is an important word here – many more than consume pivots made by others, but only 5-10% are able to create them from scratch. Creating pivots, then, turns out to be an overwhelmingly accurate indicator of whether someone is an Excel Pro. We might as well call them Pivot Pros.

You may feel quite alone at your particular workplace, because statistically speaking you are quite rare – less than 0.5% of the world’s population has your skillset! But in absolute numbers you are far from alone in the world – in fact, you are one of approximately thirty million people. If Excel Pros had conferences or conventions, it would be quite a sight.

ⓘ I, too, fit the definition of an Excel Pro. It is no accident that I found myself drawn to the Excel team after a few years at Microsoft, and it is no accident that I ultimately left to start an Excel / Power Pivot-focused business (and blog). While I have been using the word ‘you’ to describe Excel Pros, I am just as comfortable with the word ‘we.’

As I said up front, I am convinced that our importance is about to explode into the general consciousness. After all, we are already crucial.

Our Importance Today

As proof of how vital we are, here’s another story from Microsoft, one that borders on legend. The actual event transpired more tha...

Table of contents

• Power Pivot and Power BI
• Dedications
• Foreword and Forward
• 1 - A Revolution Built On YOU
• 2 - Power Pivot and the Power BI Family: Making Sense of the Various Versions
• 3 - Learning Power Pivot “The Excel Way”
• 4 - Loading Data Into Power Pivot
• 5 - Intro to Calculated Columns
• 6 - Introduction to DAX Measures
• 7 - The “Golden Rules” of DAX Measures
• 8 - CALCULATE() – Your New Favorite Function
• 9 - ALL() – The “Remove a Filter” Function
• 10 - Thinking in Multiple Tables
• 11 - “Intermission” – Taking Stock of Your New Powers
• 12 - Disconnected Tables
• 13 - Introducing the FILTER() Function, and Disconnected Tables Continued
• 14 - Introduction to Time Intelligence
• 15 - IF(), SWITCH(), BLANK(), and Other Conditional Fun
• 16 - SUMX() and Other X (“Iterator”) Functions
• 17 - Multiple Data Tables
• 18 - Multiple Data Tables – Differing Granularity
• 19 - Performance: Keep Things Running Fast
• 20 - Power Query to the Rescue
• 21 - Power BI Desktop
• 22 - “Complicated” Relationships
• 23 - Row and Filter Context Demystified
• 24 - CALCULATE and FILTER – More Nuances
• 25 - Time Intelligence with Custom Calendars: Greatest Formula in the World
• 26 - Advanced Calculated Columns
• 27 - New DAX Functions… and Variables!
• 28 - “YouTube for Data” – The Importance of a Server
• A1 - Power Pivot and SSAS Tabular: Two Tools for the Price of One (again!)
• A2 - Cube Formulas – the End of GetPivotData()
• A3 - Some Common Error Messages
• A4 - People: The Most Powerful Feature of Power Pivot
• Index