The SAGE Handbook of Tourism Management

Applications of Theories And Concepts to Tourism

Chris Cooper, Serena Volo, William C. Gartner, Noel Scott, Chris Cooper, Serena Volo, William C. Gartner, Noel Scott, Author

• Publisher: SAGE Publications Ltd
• Year: 2018
• Print ISBN: 9781526461131
• eBook ISBN: 9781526461469
• Edition: 1
• Topic: Business
• Subtopic: Management
• Index: Business

The SAGE Handbook of Tourism Management is a critical, state-of-the-art and authoritative review of tourism management, written by leading international thinkers and academics in the field. With a strong focus on applications of theories and concepts to tourism, the chapters in this volume are framed as critical synoptic pieces covering key developments, current issues and debates, and emerging trends and future considerations for the field.

Part One: Approaching Tourism
Part Two: Destination Applications
Part Three: Marketing Applications
Part Four: Tourism Product Markets
Part Five: Technological Applications
Part Six: Environmental Applications

This handbook offers a fresh, contemporary and definitive look at tourism management, making it an essential resource for academics, researchers and students.

1 An Introduction to The Handbook

Chris Cooper

William C. Gartner

Noel Scott

Serena Volo

The aim of the two SAGE Handbooks of Tourism Management is to publish critical, state of the art, authoritative reviews of tourism management written by leading thinkers and international academics in the field. The focus of The SAGE Handbook of Tourism Management: Theories, Concepts and Disciplinary Approaches to Tourism is on theories, concepts and disciplines that underpin tourism management and development, whilst this volume, The SAGE Handbook of Tourism Management: Applications of Theories and Concepts to Tourism, takes those ideas and shows how they have been applied to enrich the subject of tourism.

Each chapter in The SAGE Handbook of Tourism Management: Applications of Theories and Concepts to Tourism is designed to be a critical, readable and sometimes controversial account of the development of the literature in each of the key sub-fields of tourism, as identified by the editors. Each chapter in this Handbook has been commissioned and written by an internationally renowned scholars in the field. The chapters are framed as synoptic pieces for an audience that may be new to the subject – including upper-level undergraduates, postgraduates, faculty members and practitioners. Each chapter therefore acts as a comprehensive set of signposts to further information on the subject. The chapters have been written to cover key areas:

1. The development of the field – key milestones, literature, methodologies, events and writers involved;
2. The framing of the field – the current state of the art/thinking and a clearly legible mapping of the field into main areas of study. In other words, a comprehensive and timely discussion of where the literature is now, and why;
3. Emerging issues and a future-focused agenda for the field, including any methodological issues; and
4. A comprehensive reference list is provided in each chapter.

As editors, we have ensured that each chapter provides a coherent bounding of the literature surveyed and that there are justifiable reasons why certain literature is included and other literature excluded. In addition, the calibre of the authors was a key determinant to ensure that the analysis of the literature surveyed is complete in terms of relevant methodologies used in the literature, general conclusions to be drawn from the literature and current debates surrounding the topic. This has allowed each chapter to draw reasoned and authoritative conclusions as to where the literature is (or should be) going and the important questions left to be asked. Every chapter has been subject to a light touch review by the editors.

The SAGE Handbook of Tourism Management: Applications of Theories and Concepts to Tourism focuses upon the applied nature of tourism as a subject area, moving away from the theoretical and conceptual approach found in The SAGE Handbook of Tourism Management: Theories, Concepts and Disciplinary Approaches to Tourism. It opens with a set of chapters examining contrasting and contemporary approaches to tourism studies ranging from the mobilities paradigm, through the critical turn in tourism studies and gender, as well as the debate around tourism for poverty alleviation, to an overview of tourism education and scholarship and, finally, social tourism. We then turn to one of the most significant elements of the tourism system – the destination – examining competitiveness, marketing, destination management organisations, emerging markets and crisis management.

Parts III and IV of the Handbook are devoted to marketing and the different tourism product markets. The marketing chapters in Part III discuss the emergent services marketing logic in tourism and go on to examine products, experiences and both destination image and destination branding. Part III continues with chapters devoted to elements of the marketing mix – promotion, pricing and distribution – leaving discussion of particular product markets to Part IV.

In Part IV, chapters look at a variety of applications of supply which deliver distinctive tourism experiences including attractions, the creative economy, hospitality, special interest tourism, event tourism and business tourism. Reflecting the structure of The SAGE Handbook of Tourism Management: Theories, Concepts and Disciplinary Approaches to Tourism, Part V examines applications of technology in tourism, a rich area of literature that continues to develop. Here the obvious consideration of Internet and social media applications are complemented by chapters on mobile commerce, different tourism realities and tourism futures. Part VI contains a set of chapters on environmental applications. These chapters cover different environmental contexts for tourism – natural, built and specific environments such as deserts and mountains. The Handbook closes with chapters on the host community, low carbon tourism and corporate social responsibility.

The editors are grateful to all of the authors who have contributed to this volume, not only for their scholarship and subject leadership but also as they have been a pleasure to deal with, professional and thorough at all times. We are also grateful to the staff at Sage who have been hugely supportive and encouraging of the Handbook – to Matthew Waters as Commissioning Editor who had the vision for the Handbook, as well as Colette Wilson, Serena Ugolini and Matthew Oldfield for their support in managing the various chapter drafts and submissions.

Part I Approaching Tourism

2 The Mobilities Paradigm and Tourism Management

Kevin Hannam

Introduction

The management of tourism has frequently been conceptualized as a place bound activity where tourism is sought to be managed by governments for the benefit of both local people and visitors. The plethora of studies into the impacts of tourism, for example, highlight the specific positive and negative influences that tourism has had and continues to have on particular destinations. The mobilities paradigm seeks to challenge this conceptualization by offering a way of thinking through such impacts and management issues as not being fixed in specific places but as being part of fluid networks connected with other forms of mobility including migration, transport use, developments in mobile ICT use, and so on. It also seeks to engage with issues of sustainable tourism which have been at the forefront of tourism management for many years.

Theoretically, the mobilities paradigm also develops a more sophisticated interdisciplinary analysis of movement within societies. It also helps to develop mobile methodologies that are useful to collect and analyse data relating to contemporary social and cultural mobilities, in order to capture the messiness of everyday life. In terms of policy and politics, the mobilities paradigm arguably also helps us to understand and think critically about some of the key ‘problems’ that face societies through the movement of people and things using various informational and communicational practices.

This chapter thus reviews and develops work from what has been termed the ‘new mobilities paradigm’ (Hannam et al., 2006; Sheller and Urry, 2006, 2016; Adey et al., 2013) and what has become known more recently as the study of tourism mobilities (Sheller and Urry, 2004; Hannam et al., 2014; Rickly et al., 2016). Tourism research has paid attention to various forms of human mobility such as migration through, for example, second homes, ancestry tourism and Visiting Friends and Relatives (VFR). Developing this, Salazar (2012: 576) notes, however, that ‘as a polymorphic concept, mobility invites us to renew our theorizing, especially regarding conventional themes such as culture, identity, and transnational relationships'.

A mobilities approach further develops such research through a critical approach to our understandings of the complex and dynamic integration of environmental impacts that have been the mainstay of much tourism management research. Tourism research has also considered its relationships with transport previously; however, the mobilities paradigm allows us to develop a more critical perspective on how discourses and practices of ‘freedom', for instance, underpin the contemporary tourism experiences of transport (Freudendal-Pedersen, 2009; Hannam, 2016; Sheller and Urry, 2016). In this chapter I want to specifically examine how the mobilities paradigm can be used for the applied management of...

Table of contents

• Cover
• Half Title
• Title Page
• Copyright Page
• Contents
• List of Figures
• List of Tables
• Notes on the Editors and Contributors
• 1 An Introduction to The Handbook
• Part I Approaching Tourism
• 2 The Mobilities Paradigm and Tourism Management
• 3 Critical Turns in Tourism Studies
• 4 Tourism for Poverty Alleviation: Issues and Debates in the Global South
• 5 Tourism Gender Studies
• 6 Tourism Education and Scholarship
• 7 Human Rights, Disabilities and Social Tourism: Management Issues and Challenges
• Part II Destination Applications
• 8 Destination Competitiveness
• 9 Destination Management
• 10 Tourism in Emerging Markets
• 11 Destination Marketing Organisations
• 12 Tourism Crisis and Safety Management
• Part III Marketing Applications
• 13 The Development of Service-Dominant Logic within Tourism Management
• 14 Tourism Products and Experiences
• 15 Tourism Destination Image
• 16 Destination Branding
• 17 Consumer Behaviour in Tourism
• 18 Understanding and Satisfying Consumer Needs: Segmentation, Targeting and Positioning
• 19 Tourism Distribution and Intermediaries
• 20 Critical Developments in Revenue Management and Pricing
• Part IV Tourism Product Markets
• 21 Contemporary Perspectives on Visitor Attractions
• 22 The Creative Economy, Entertainment and Performance
• 23 Hospitality Management
• 24 Niche Tourism: Past, Present and Future
• 25 The Growth and Development of Leisure Events and Festival Tourism
• 26 Business Events
• Part V Technological Applications
• 27 Tourism and the Internet: Marketing Perspectives
• 28 Tourism and Social Media
• 29 The Potential of Tracking Technologies, Smartphones and Sensors for Tourism Management and Planning of Destinations
• 30 The Future Is Now: How Virtual Reality and Augmented Reality Are Transforming Tourism
• 31 Framing Tourism Futures Research: An Ontological Perspective
• Part VI Environmental Applications
• 32 Managing the Natural Environment for Tourism
• 33 Tourism and Specific Localities: Mountains, Deserts and Coasts
• 34 Managing Built Heritage Resources
• 35 The Host Community: Perceptions of and Responses to Tourism
• 36 Tourism in a Low Carbon Energy Future
• 37 Tourism and Corporate Social Responsibility
• Index