Piping and Instrumentation Diagram Development

Moe Toghraei

• Publisher: Wiley-AIChE
• Year: 2019
• ISBN:
  9781119329831
• Edition: 1
• Topic: Technology & Engineering
• Subtopic: Chemical & Biochemical Engineering
• Index: Technology & Engineering

An essential guide for developing and interpreting piping and instrumentation drawings

Piping and Instrumentation Diagram Development is an important resource that offers the fundamental information needed for designers of process plants as well as a guide for other interested professionals. The author offers a proven, systemic approach to present the concepts of P&ID development which previously were deemed to be graspable only during practicing and not through training.

This comprehensive text offers the information needed in order to create P&ID for a variety of chemical industries such as: oil and gas industries; water and wastewater treatment industries; and food industries. The author outlines the basic development rules of piping and instrumentation diagram (P&ID) and describes in detail the three main components of a process plant: equipment and other process items, control system, and utility system. Each step of the way, the text explores the skills needed to excel at P&ID, includes a wealth of illustrative examples, and describes the most effective practices.

This vital resource:

• Offers a comprehensive resource that outlines a step-by-step guide for developing piping and instrumentation diagrams
• Includes helpful learning objectives and problem sets that are based on real-life examples
• Provides a wide range of original engineering flow drawing (P&ID) samples
• Includes PDF's that contain notes explaining the reason for each piece on a P&ID and additional samples to help the reader create their own P&IDs

Written for chemical engineers, mechanical engineers and other technical practitioners, Piping and Instrumentation Diagram Development reveals the fundamental steps needed for creating accurate blueprints that are the key elements for the design, operation, and maintenance of process industries.

Part I
Fundamentals of P&ID Development

In part 1 we are going to cover the common rules of P&ID development. This part has five chapters:

Chapter 1: What is P&ID?

Chapter 2: Management of P&ID development

Chapter 3: Anatomy of a P&ID sheet

Chapter 4: General rules in drawing P&IDs

Chapter 5: Principles of P&ID development

In Chapter 1 we will cover the identification of P&ID and its role in process industries.

Chapter 2 covers the progress steps of P&ID during a design project.

Chapter 3 talk about different components of a P&ID sheet and their meaning.

Chapters 4 and 5 cover some rules and guidelines about P&IDs. In the world of P&IDs there would be at least three sets of rules, guidelines or standards.

An example is a valve. The engineer should decide if they need to put the valve in that specific location or not, and if needed, which type of valve with which type of actuator should be used.

The engineer uses “P&ID development rules.”

In the second step, when it is decided to put a manual gate valve, the question is how to show it. The engineer and the drafter together agree on a specific symbol based on “P&ID demonstration rules.”

As it was mentioned before, we are not going to talk about drafting rules. Chapter 4 covers demonstration rules and Chapter 5 explains the general guidelines about P&ID development.

1
What Is P&ID

1.1 Why Is P&ID Important?

The piping and instrumentation diagram (P&ID) is what might be considered the bible of a chemical process plant (CPI). It provides a lot of information for the manufacturing of the equipment, installation, commissioning, start‐up, and the operation of a plant. It also presents how a process plant should handle emergency situations.

The P&ID is a frequently referenced document throughout a project term – from the designing stages to the plant‐in‐operation phase – by various engineering disciplines, in technical meetings with vendors or manufacturers, hazard and operability study (HAZOP) meetings, management meetings, and project scheduling and planning. It is also one of the few documents created by multiple engineering groups such as Process, Instrumentation and Control (I&C), Plot plant and Piping (PL&P), Mechanical, Heat Ventilation and Air Conditioning(HVAC), and to a lesser extent Civil, Structural, and Architecture(CSA) and environmental or regulatory groups.

The information provided by the P&ID allows for the generation of other documents, including piping isometric drawings, the piping model, equipment and instrument lists, cause‐and‐effect diagrams, control philosophy, alarm set‐point tables, line designation table (LDT) or line list, material take‐offs, loop diagrams, tie‐in lists, and many more (Figure 1.1). The P&ID can ironically be considered an acronym for “primary interdisciplinary document.”

Figure 1.1 The P&ID is used by other groups to prepare other project documents.

All the abovementioned groups involved in a process plant should be familiar with P&IDs to some extent. P&IDs can be considered the source document to prepare “shopping lists” for piping, mechanical, and I&C requirements.

Process and I&C groups should be fully knowledgeable about P&IDs because they are the main developers of P&IDs, together with Mechanical and Electrical groups who can also provide some input during development such as the equipment list from mechanical engineers and motor list and electrical classification list from electrical engineers. I&C practitioners should be familiar with the P&IDs because from it they develop their instrument list, I/O list (a document listing instrumentation which serves as an input or output of the control system), and so on. The Piping group should be familiar with P&ID because it is their main working document and they need this to develop their piping model and piping isometric drawings. Civil engineers should also know P&IDs, although to a lesser extent. However, if the materials are concrete, like in large wastewater treatment plants, they should be familiar with P&IDs....