Handbook of Chemical Looping Technology

Ronald W. Breault

• Publisher: Wiley-VCH
• Year: 2018
• Print ISBN: 9783527342020
• eBook ISBN: 9783527809349
• Edition: 1
• Topic: Business
• Subtopic: Energy Industry
• Index: Business

This comprehensive and up-to-date handbook on this highly topical field, covering everything from new process concepts to commercial applications.
Describing novel developments as well as established methods, the authors start with the evaluation of different oxygen carriers and subsequently illuminate various technological concepts for the energy conversion process. They then go on to discuss the potential for commercial applications in gaseous, coal, and fuel combustion processes in industry.
The result is an invaluable source for every scientist in the field, from inorganic chemists in academia to chemical engineers in industry.

Section 1
Chemical Looping Process Concepts

1
The Moving Bed Fuel Reactor Process

Andrew Tong Mandar V. Kathe Dawei Wang and Liang‐Shih Fan

The Ohio State University, Department of Chemical Engineering, 151 W. Woodruff Ave, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA

1.1 Introduction

Chemical looping refers to the use of a chemical intermediate in a reaction‐regeneration cycle to decompose one target reaction into two or more sub‐reactions. The decomposition of the target reaction with a reactive chemical intermediate can decrease the process irreversibility, and, thus, increase the recoverable work from the system yielding a higher exergy efficiency. Further, when one or more of the reactant feedstocks consist of an inert substrate, the chemical looping reaction pathway is designed to prevent the direct contact of the inert with the desired product, minimizing the product purification steps required [1–3]. In 1987, Ishida et al. was the first publication to use the term, “chemical looping,” referring to the use of a metal oxide as the chemical intermediate to perform oxidation–reduction reaction cycles for power generation applications [4]. However, Bergmann's invention of a calcium carbide production process using manganese oxide redox reaction cycles with carbonaceous fuels suggests that the chemical looping concept was in development as early as 1897 [5]. Table 1.1 summarizes the early developments of chemical looping processes in the twentieth century [6–9, 12–21]. Though several achieved pilot scale demonstration, no early chemical looping processes were able to achieve widespread commercial realization due to limitations in the oxygen carrier reactivity, recyclability, and attrition resistance and the reactor design for maintaining, continuous high product yield.

Table 1.1 Summary of early chemical looping process development.

Process/developer	Lane [6–11]	Lewis and Gilliland	HYGAS	CO2 acceptor	HyPr‐Ring
Year developed	1910s	1950s	1970s	1960s–1970s	1990s
Feedstock	Syngas	Solid fuel	Syngas	Solid fuel	Solid fuel
Products	H2	CO2	H2	H2 rich syngas	H2
Chemical intermediate	Fe3O4–Fe	CuO–Cu2O or Fe2O3–Fe3O4	Fe3O4–Fe	CaCO3–CaO	CaCO3–CaO/ Ca(OH)2
	ARCO GTG	DuPont	Otsuka	Solar water splitting	Steinfeld
Year	1980s	1990s	1990s	1980s	1990s
Feedstock	CH4	C4H10	CH4	H2O	CH4, iron ore
Products	C2H4	C4H2O3	Syngas	H2, O2	Syngas, iron
Chemical intermediate	Supported Mn	VPO	Supported CeO2	ZnO–Zn or Fe3O4–FeO/Fe	Fe3O4–Fe

With growing concerns of greenhouse gas emissions, a renewed effort in developing chemical looping processes occurred at the start of the twenty‐first century as reflected in the exponential growth of research publications [1]. As of 2012, over 6000 cumulative hours of operation of chemical looping processes for power generation with CO₂ capture have been demonstrated over fuel processing capacities ranging from 300 W_th to 3 MW_th [22]. Nearly all chemical looping processes at the pilot scale demonstration have adopted a fluidized bed reactor design for the conversion of the fuel source to CO₂/H₂O, or the fuel reactor [23]. Recent developers are investigating fixed bed reactors to perform the cyclic oxidation–reduction reactions with chemical looping oxygen carriers for power generation and chemical production applications [24–27]. Alternatively, chemical looping processes utilizing a moving bed fuel reactor are under development for full and partial fuel conversion for CO₂ capture/power generation ...

Table of contents

• Cover
• Table of Contents
• Preface
• Section 1: Chemical Looping Process Concepts
• Section 2: Oxygen Carriers
• Section 3: Commercial Design Studies of CLC Systems
• Section 4: Other Chemical Looping Processes
• Index
• End User License Agreement