Engineered Ceramics

Current Status and Future Prospects

Tatsuki Ohji, Mrityunjay Singh, Tatsuki Ohji, Mrityunjay Singh

• Publisher: Wiley-American Ceramic Society
• Year: 2015
• Print ISBN: 9781119100409
• eBook ISBN: 9781119100423
• Edition: 1
• Topic: Technology & Engineering
• Subtopic: Civil Engineering
• Index: Technology & Engineering

In this book project, all the American Ceramic Society's Engineering Ceramics Division Mueller and Bridge Building Award Winners, the ICACC Plenary Speakers and the past Engineering Ceramics Division Chairs have been invited to write book chapters on a topic that is compatible with their technical interests and consistent with the scope of the book, which is to focus on the current status and future prospects of various technical topics related to engineering ceramics, advanced ceramics and composite materials. Topics include:

• Mechanical Behavior and Performance of Ceramics & Composites
• Non-Destructive Evaluation and Mechanical Testing of Engineering Ceramics
• Brittle and Composite Material Design
• Modern Fracture Mechanics of Ceramics
• Thermal/Environmental Barrier Coatings
• Advanced Ceramic Coatings for Functional Applications
• Advanced Ceramic Joining Technologies
• Ceramics for Machining, Friction, Wear, and Other Tribological Applications
• Ceramic Composites for High-Temperature Aerospace Structures and Propulsion Systems
• Thermal Protection Materials: From Retrospect to Foresight
• Carbon/Carbon Composites
• Ceramic-Matrix Composites for Lightweight Construction
• Ultra High-Temperature Ceramics (UHTC)
• Nanolaminated Ternary Carbides and Nitrides (MAX Phases)
• Ceramics for Heat Engine and Other Energy Related Applications
• Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFC)
• Armor Ceramics
• Next Generation Bioceramics
• Ceramics for Innovative Energy and Storage Systems
• Designing Ceramics for Electrochemical Energy Storage Devices
• Nanostructured Materials and Nanotechnology
• Advanced Ceramic Processing and Manufacturing Technologies
• Engineering Porous Ceramics
• Thermal Management Materials and Technologies
• Geopolymers
• Advanced Ceramic Sensor Technology
• Advanced Ceramics and Composites for Nuclear and Fusion Applications
• Advanced Ceramic Technologies for Rechargeable Batteries

Part 1
Materials Design and Characterization

1
An Introduction to Materials by Design Including a Dynamic Stress Environment

James W. McCauley

Army Research Laboratory and Johns Hopkins University

Abstract

Materials by Design, conceptually, describes a process of designing materials from the atomic to the macroscopic scale for a particular suite of mechanisms and properties that are required for defined performance/applications. Very simply, it is not about how to design components (systems) with existing materials, but about how to select and design materials for defined applications. Initially, the importance and definition of “materials characterization” are presented. including a materials “unique signature” at the atomic, microstructure, and macrostructure scales. A brief history of the emergence of Materials by Design is summarized, followed by progressively more complex examples, including atomic structure and microstructure design in ceramic matrix composites. Historically, the Materials by Design approach has been primarily used for systems in quasi-static mechanical environments; utilization in extreme dynamic environments presents significant challenges. A simplified example of the approach for solid-on-solid impact on a structural ceramic is described. Finally, the influence of this approach in a strategic materials basic research program and the new transformational Materials in Extreme Dynamic Environments program at the Army Research Laboratory is briefly summarized.

Keywords: Materials by Design; characterization; materials selection; unique signature; ceramic matrix composites; extreme dynamic environments

1.1 Introduction

Materials are ubiquitous in all Army materiel. The performance and function of every Army system are determined by the underlying properties of the materials and the structural/electrical design of the engineering system. In turn, the properties of the materials themselves are products of the hierarchy of structures found within. From atoms, to unit cells, to crystals, to grains, to assembly of grains, and to multiphase materials, the final performance of any system is a “sum of the parts,” sometimes synergistic, of the underlying physics down to the smallest (nano/atomic) scale, or simplified as follows.

1.2 Crystal Structure ↔ Microstructure ↔ Macrostructure ↔ Property Relationships

In real estate, the three most important factors are location–-location–-location. In materials, it is structure—structure—structure.

The potential to gain extraordinary system or component improvements through the effective design and control of the constituent materials remains untapped. Enabling the design of these hierarchical material structures in concert with the overall design and function of the system will allow for transformational gains in the performance of engineering systems. This vision is consistent with the National Materials Genome Initiative to “Discover, develop, manufacture, and deploy advanced materials in a more expeditious and economical way…” [1].

1.3 Scope of Manuscript

First, the appropriate context will be established by introducing the importance of the definition of “materials characterization,” especially in materials science and engineering research and development. This will lead to the development of the material “unique signature” concept at multiple scales. A brief history of the emergence of a formalized materials selection process and the Materials by Design (MbD) approach in the 1990s is then introduced. This is followed by progressively more complex examples of MbD:

1. RADOME materials: materials selection, combining mechanical and electrical properties;
2. Multilayer ceramic capacitors (MLCCs) combining electrical, geometry, and MbD at the single crystal/grain...

Table of contents

• Cover
• Title Page
• Copyright
• Preface
• List of Contributors
• Part 1: Materials Design and Characterization
• Part 2: Advanced Ceramics and Ceramic Matrix Composites
• Part 3: Novel Ceramic Processing and Integration Technologies
• Part 4: Multifunctional Ceramics
• Index
• EULA