Immittance Spectroscopy

Applications to Material Systems

Mohammad A. Alim

• Publisher: Wiley-Scrivener
• Year: 2017
• Print ISBN: 9781119184850
• eBook ISBN: 9781119185406
• Edition: 1
• Topic: Physical Sciences
• Subtopic: Physical & Theoretical Chemistry

This book emphasizes the use of four complex plane formalisms (impedance, admittance, complex capacitance, and modulus) in a simultaneous fashion. The purpose of employing these complex planes for handling semicircular relaxation using a single set of measured impedance data ( ac small-signal electrical data ) is highly underscored. The current literature demonstrates the importance of template version of impedance plot whereas this book reflects the advantage of using concurrent four complex plane plots for the same data. This approach allows extraction of a meaningful equivalent circuit model attributing to possible interpretations via potential polarizations and operative mechanisms for the investigated material system. Thus, this book supersedes the limitations of the impedance plot, and intends to serve a broader community of scientific and technical professionals better for their solid and liquid systems.

This book addresses the following highlighted contents for the measured data but not limited to the: -

(1) Lumped Parameter/Complex Plane Analysis (LP/CPA) in conjunction with the Bode plots;

(2) Equivalent circuit model (ECM) derived from the LP/CPA;

(3) Underlying Operative Mechanisms along with the possible interpretations;

(4) Ideal (Debye) and non-ideal (non-Debye) relaxations; and

(5) Data-Handling Criteria (DHC) using Complex Nonlinear Least Squares (CNLS) fitting procedures.

Chapter 1
Introduction to Immittance Spectroscopy

1.1 Basic Definition and Background

The definition and background of immittance spectroscopy has always been very important. Using the term “spectroscopy” emphasizes a broad meaning of handling measured immittance data. The commonly used term impedance spectroscopy or admittance spectroscopy actually belongs to the immittance spectroscopy where the hybrid word “immittance” presumably coined by H. W. Bode [1] is in use for at least five decades applying to either impedance or admittance. Commercially this hybrid word was in propagation with the General Radio products. In atomic spectroscopy, elements of the Periodic Table are diagnosed by their characteristic frequencies or corresponding wavelengths [2, 3]. Each frequency or wavelength refers to the specific transition of the electrons outside the nucleus. The specific transition of the electrons from one shell to another shell gives rise to frequency and wavelength. This atomic level investigation or understanding provides firm identification of the elements that refer to the spectroscopic approach for the same element. Due to this concept of “spectroscopic approach” a trace element in a matrix can be determined during the chemical analysis. The detection limit of a trace element can be ascertained by the capability of the diagnostic tools and methods utilized. Therefore, a term or nomenclature bearing “spectroscopy” indicates an in-depth investigation or evaluation process. It may be noted that for light, the product of frequency and its corresponding wavelength is equal to its speed. The atomic spectroscopic transition from one level to another level of energy is noted in this case to occur at the speed of the light.

Emphasizing the material system or subject matter or specific mechanism in front of the term as found in electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) brings a new nomenclature for the readers. This nomenclature does not import new meaning or interpretation when immittance (impedance or admittance) spectroscopy is viewed in a broad sense. In reality, the term EIS does not reflect any change in the nature of the data or the type of analysis other than the elaboration of the confusing redundant term. Overall, using the term electrochemical impedance spectroscopy for electrochemical systems neither enhances nor broadens the underlying meaning of the entire investigation other than spreading redundancy or confusion among the learners and the users. Therefore in this text, only the first three aforementioned terms will be used as these are synonyms for the purpose regardless of the material system or subject matter or specific mechanism.

Importing new nomenclatures for the same term like capacitance (complex capacitance) spectroscopy, modulus spectroscopy, dielectric spectroscopy, etc. are new in recent years. This sort of nomenclature is a misnomer emphasizing redundancy or ambiguity or confusion for both learners and users. None of these terms serve the underlying purpose of achieving scientific or technical goals concerning interpretation of the measured data. The term capacitance spectroscopy emphasizes the quantity expressed as complex capacitance. Both capacitance spectroscopy and modulus spectroscopy are straightforward derivatives of the first three terms obtained via conversion of the data. Using “geometrical factors” to obtain the state of normalization leads to the so-called dielectric spectroscopy for the measured data obtained in the phasor form or in the form of impedance or admittance. Essentially dielectric spectroscopy does not alter the subject matter by introducing the phras...

Table of contents

• Cover
• Title page
• Copyright page
• Dedication
• Background of this Book
• Acknowledgments
• Chapter 1: Introduction to Immittance Spectroscopy
• Chapter 2: Basics of Solid State Devices and Materials
• Chapter 3: Dielectric Representation and Operative Mechanisms
• Chapter 4: Ideal Equivalent Circuits and Models
• Chapter 5: Debye and Non-Debye Relaxations
• Chapter 6: Modeling and Interpretation of the Data
• Chapter 7: Data-Handling and Analyzing Criteria
• Chapter 8: Liquid Systems
• Chapter 9: Case Studies
• Chapter 10: Analysis of the Complicated Mott-Schottky Behavior
• Chapter 11: Analysis of the Measured Data
• Chapter 12: Appendices
• Index
• End User License Agreement