Ceramic Matrix Composites

Materials, Modeling and Technology

Narottam P. Bansal, Jacques Lamon

• Publisher: Wiley-American Ceramic Society
• Year: 2014
• Print ISBN: 9781118231166
• eBook ISBN: 9781118832899
• Edition: 1
• Topic: Technology & Engineering
• Subtopic: Inorganic Chemistry
• Index: Technology & Engineering

This book is a comprehensive source of information on various aspects of ceramic matrix composites (CMC). It covers ceramic and carbon fibers; the fiber-matrix interface; processing, properties and industrial applications of various CMC systems; architecture, mechanical behavior at room and elevated temperatures, environmental effects and protective coatings, foreign object damage, modeling, life prediction, integration and joining. Each chapter in the book is written by specialists and internationally renowned researchers in the field. This book will provide state-of-the-art information on different aspects of CMCs. The book will be directed to researchers working in industry, academia, and national laboratories with interest and professional competence on CMCs. The book will also be useful to senior year and graduate students pursuing degrees in ceramic science and engineering, materials science and engineering, aeronautical, mechanical, and civil or aerospace engineering.

• Presents recent advances, new approaches and discusses new issues in the field, such as foreign object damage, life predictions, multiscale modeling based on probabilistic approaches, etc.
• Caters to the increasing interest in the application of ceramic matrix composites (CMC) materials in areas as diverse as aerospace, transport, energy, nuclear, and environment. CMCs are considered ans enabling technology for advanced aeropropulsion, space propulsion, space power, aerospace vehicles, space structures, as well as nuclear and chemical industries.
• Offers detailed descriptions of ceramic and carbon fibers; fiber-matrix interface; processing, properties and industrial applications of various CMC systems; architecture, mechanical behavior at room and elevated temperatures, environmental effects and protective coatings, foreign object damage, modeling, life prediction, integration/joining.

PART I
FIBERS: INTERFACE AND ARCHITECTURE

CHAPTER 1
REINFORCEMENT OF CERAMIC MATRIX COMPOSITES: PROPERTIES OF SiC-BASED FILAMENTS AND TOWS

JACQUES LAMON,¹ STÉPHANE MAZERAT,² AND MOHAMED R'MILI³

¹Laboratoire de Mécanique et Technologie (LMT), CNRS (Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique), ENS Cachan (Ecole Normale Supérieure), UPMC (Univesité Pierre et Marie Curie), Cachan, France

²Laboratoire des Composites Thermostructuraux, Université de Bordeaux, Pessac, France

³Laboratoire MATEIS, CNRS, INSA de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Villeurbanne, France

1.1 INTRODUCTION

Proper reinforcement of ceramics is aimed at increasing the resistance to crack propagation by introducing elements that can arrest the cracks. Only continuous fibers are able to arrest the cracks through deflection at fiber/matrix interfaces. Composite damage tolerance requires strong fibers and appropriate interfaces. Composite strength requires strong fibers and damage tolerant multifilament tows.

In continuous-fiber-reinforced ceramics, only those fibers that can withstand the high temperatures required by matrix processing (above 1000°C) can be used. Other high temperature requirements to be met include long-term stability, creep resistance, and oxidation resistance. A wide spectrum of continuous fiber–reinforced ceramic matrix composites (CMCs) can be foreseen owing to a wide variety of matrices and fibers. Non-oxide CMCs reinforced by non-oxide fibers have been the most studied. The reason for this is that carbon and silicon carbide fibers display the highest properties for use at high temperature. Second, for compatibility reasons, non-oxide fibers can be combined essentially to non-oxide matrices. However, carbon fibers degrade in oxidizing atmosphere at temperatures as low as 450°C, and they must be protected. SiC-based fibers are much more resistant to oxidation. Oxide fibers are inherently resistant to oxidation, but they have limited creep resistance and undergo grain growth at high temperatures, which causes strength degradation. Further, they display much higher densities than carbon and SiC-based fibers. Despite these drawbacks, alumina-based CMCs have been extensively studied.

The literature abounds in papers, book chapters, and books on microstructure/properties relationships for oxide and non-oxide fibers [1–4]. Carbon fibers are discussed in another chapter of this book. The present chapter focuses on a recent important issue for continuous SiC-based reinforcing ceramic fibers that has been ignored because potential use of CMCs was driven by their superior temperature resistance over metals. Use at very high temperatures above 1000°C was essentially foreseen. Recently, a growing interest was fostered by lightweight features of CMCs for use in the range of allowable temperatures for metals (below 1000°C in aeronautical engines).

The Nextel oxide fibers are the most widely used reinforcements for continuous fiber oxide–oxide composites [5–7]. Nextel 610 fiber has the highest strength and elastic modulus (3.1 GPa and 380 GPa, respectively), but it is limited by creep to temperatures <1000°C. Nextel 720 fiber has lower room temperature strength (2.1 GPa), but higher creep resistance, which allows use at higher temperatures (up to 1200°C). Sapphire (single crystal Al₂O₃) fibers are no longer available, their cost and diameter (>50 μm) limit their use in composites.

Non-oxide fibers exhibit superior tensile strength and creep resistance to the oxides. They possess comparable Young's mod...

Table of contents

• Cover
• Titlepage
• Copyright
• Preface
• Contributors
• PART I FIBERS: INTERFACE AND ARCHITECTURE
• PART II COMPOSITE MATERIALS
• PART III ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS AND COATINGS
• PART IV MODELING
• PART V JOINING
• PART VI NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION
• PART VII APPLICATIONS
• Index
• End User License Agreement