Mucopolysaccharides - Glycosaminoglycans - of body fluids in health and disease

Rajendra Varma, Ranbir S. Varma

• Verlag: De Gruyter
• Jahr: 2012
• ISBN drucken: 9783110084719
• eBook-ISBN: 9783111505688
• Auflage: 1
• Thema: Medicina
• Thema: Medicina clinica

Keine ausführliche Beschreibung für "Mucopolysaccharides - Glycosaminoglycans - of body fluids in health and disease" verfügbar.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

• Preface
• 1. Chemistry and Metabolism of Glycosaminoglycans and Proteoglycans
• 1.1 Nature and classification
• 1.2 Modern nomenclature
• 1.3 Development of terminology
• 1.4 Other related terms in literature
• 1.5 Occurrence
• 1.6 Chemical structures
• 1.7 Organization as proteoglycans and aggregates
• 1.8 Role of silicon in molecular organization of glycosaminoglycans
• 1.9 Interactions with basic compounds and cations
• 1.10 Interaction with other macromolecules
• 1.11 Biosynthesis of glycosaminoglycans and proteoglycans
• 1.12 Degradation of proteoglycans and glycosaminoglycans
• 1.13 Effects of vitamins, hormones and minerals, etc
• 1.14 Bibliography
• 2. General Methods for Isolation, Fractionation and Analysis
• 2.1 Introduction
• 2.2 Isolation procedures
• 2.3 Fractionation of GAG mixtures
• 2.4 Molecular weight determination
• 2.5 Fractionation by preparative electrophoresis
• 2.6 Characterization by microscopic, optical and spectrometric methods
• 2.7 Analysis without hydrolysis
• 2.8 Analysis of components in hydrolysates
• 2.9 Microfractionation and microanalysis of glycosaminoglycans in mixtures
• 2.10 Keratan sulfate determination
• 2.11 Hyaluronic acid determination
• 2.12 Determination of dermatan and chondroitin sulfates
• 2.13 Bibliography
• 3. Biological Functions and Therapeutic Uses of Glycosaminoglycans
• 3.1 Introduction
• 3.2 Control of collagen formation and organization
• 3.3 Control of water in extracellular tissues
• 3.4 Role in urine concentrating process of kidney
• 3.5 Role in immunity, infection and inflammation
• 3.6 Role in wound healing
• 3.7 Role in eye
• 3.8 Role in central nervous system
• 3.9 Role in biological lubrication and biomechanics
• 3.10 Role in stone formation (lithiasis)
• 3.11 Role in hair growth
• 3.12 Role as ion-exchangers
• 3.13 Role in morphogenesis
• 3.14 Role in cell proliferation
• 3.15 Role in calcification
• 3.16 Therapeutic uses of glycosaminoglycans
• 3.17 Bibliography
• 4. Gastrointestinal Tract Fluids
• 4.1 Introduction
• 4.2 Methods of analysis and fractionation
• 4.3 Gastric juice
• 4.4 Intestinal fluids
• 4.5 Aging-related changes in gastrointestinal fluids
• 4.6 Gastrointestinal changes in cystic fibrosis
• 4.7 Bibliography
• 5. Glycosaminoglycans in Fluids and Fluid-Associated Tissues of the Oral Cavity
• 5.1 Introduction
• 5.2 Salivary apparatus and salivary secretion
• 5.3 Mucosubstances in saliva and salivary glands
• 5.4 Glycosaminoglycans of gingival fluid and gingiva
• 5.5 Glycosaminoglycans in oral cyst fluid
• 5.6 Relationship between dental plaque, periodontal disease and salivary flow
• 5.7 Age-related changes in polysaccharides of salivary glands and oral mucosa
• 5.8 Bibliography
• 6. Mucopolysaccharides in Fluids and Fluid-Associated Membranes of Respiratory Tract
• 6.1 Introduction
• 6.2 Mucus production and mucociliary function
• 6.3 Mucopolysaccharides in nasal secretion
• 6.4 Factors affecting nature and quantity of nasal secretion
• 6.5 Nasal secretion in cystic fibrosis
• 6.6 Glycosaminoglycans of nasal and paranasal mucous membranes
• 6.7 Acidic glycosaminoglycans in paranasal sinus mucosa
• 6.8 Mucopolysaccharides in nasal and paranasal carcinoma
• 6.9 Mucopolysaccharides of sputum
• 6.10 Mucopolysaccharides in bronchial secretion
• 6.11 Factors affecting bronchial secretion
• 6.12 Bibliography
• 7. Ocular Fluids
• 7.1 Introduction
• 7.2 Lacrimal secretion or tears
• 7.3 Aqueous humor
• 7.4 Vitreous humor
• 7.5 Subretinal fluid
• 7.6 Bibliography
• 8. Bile
• 8.1 Physiological aspects
• 8.2 Source and functions of bile mucins
• 8.3 Mucosubstances in bile
• 8.4 Hexuronic acid conjugates in bile
• 8.5 Changes in physiological and pathological states
• 8.6 Bibliography
• 9. Fluids Associated with Embryonic Membranes
• 9.1 Introduction
• 9.2 Wharton's jelly of umbilical cord
• 9.3 Glycosaminoglycans in Allantoic fluid
• 9.4 Glycosaminoglycans in eggs
• 9.5 Glycosaminoglycans of cardiac jelly
• 9.6 Bibliography
• 10. Glycosaminoglycans of Fluids and Fluid-Associated Tissues of Ear
• 10.1 General consideration
• 10.2 Secretion in external ear: Cerumen
• 10.3 Pathological middle ear fluid
• 10.4 Inner ear fluids: Perilymph and endolymph
• 10.5 Source of inner ear fluids
• 10.6 Glycosaminoglycans in delicate membranes of inner ear
• 10.7 Effects of hormones and vitamins in inner ear
• 10.8 Experimental studies in myxedema (hypothyroidism)
• 10.9 Pathological glycosaminoglycan changes in the inner ear
• 10.10 Role of glycosaminoglycans in inner ear function
• 10.11 Addendum
• 10.12 Bibliography
• 11. Amniotic Fluid (Liquor amnii)
• 11.1 Introduction
• 11.2 Origin, volume and fate of amniotic fluid
• 11.3 Relationship of amniotic fluid to urine
• 11.4 Methods of analysis and fractionation
• 11.5 Normal glycosaminoglycan composition
• 11.6 Source of glycosaminoglycans in amniotic fluid
• 11.7 Glycosaminoglycans variation with gestational age
• 11.8 Pathological changes in amniotic fluid glycosaminoglycans
• 11.9 Amniocentesis and intrauterine diagnosis of mucopolysaccharidoses: Problems and prospects
• 11.10 Bibliography
• 12. Synovial Fluid
• 12.1 Introduction
• 12.2 Volume and general composition
• 12.3 Glycosaminoglycan composition
• 12.4 Source of Glycosaminoglycans
• 12.5 Analytical and fractionation methods
• 12.6 Alterations in physiological and pathological states
• 12.7 Alterations in Viscosity
• 12.8 Synovial membrane in rheumatoid arthritis
• 12.9 Bibliography
• 13. Mucopolysaccharides of Physiological and Pathological Fluid Accumulations (Effusions)
• 13.1 Introduction
• 13.2 Glycosaminoglycans in extracellular fluids of tumors
• 13.3 Blister fluids
• 13.4 Cyst fluids
• 13.5 Glycosaminoglycans of edema fluids
• 13.6 Edema fluid from sexual skin
• 13.7 Leprous infiltrates
• 13.8 Mucopolysaccharides of serous effusions
• 13.9 Bibliography
• 14. Fluids of the Reproductive System
• 14.1 Introduction
• 14.2 Semen or seminal fluid
• 14.3 Female reproductive system
• 14.4 Bibliography
• 15. Cerebrospinal Fluid
• 15.1 Introduction
• 15.2 Location, origin and fate of CSF
• 15.3 Glycosaminoglycans in normal CSF
• 15.4 Source of CSF glycosaminoglycans
• 15.5 Relationship of CSF glycosaminoglycans to age
• 15.7 Lysosomal GAG hydrolyzing enzymes in CSF
• 15.8 Effects of hyaluronidase injection into CSF
• 15.9 Bibliography
• 16. Glycosaminoglycans of Blood
• 16.1 Introduction
• 16.2 Source of Plasma Glycosaminoglycans
• 16.3 Relationship between glycosaminoglycans in blood and urine
• 16.4 Methods of analysis and fractionation
• 16.5 Glycosaminoglycans of plasma and serum
• 16.6 Glycosaminoglycans of formed elements
• 16.7 Physiological and pathological variations in blood glycosaminoglycans
• 16.8 Bibliography
• 17. Glycosaminoglycans of Urine
• 17.1 Introduction
• 17.2 Source of urinary glycosaminoglycans
• 17.3 Analysis and fractionation procedures
• 17.4 Glycosaminoglycans of normal urine
• 17.5 Nondialyzable, polymeric and dialyzable, low molecular weight fractions
• 17.6 Relationship between plasma, urine and amniotic fluid levels
• 17.7 Relationship between glycosaminoglycan and 17-hydroxycorticosteroid excretion
• 17.8 Urinary glycosaminoglycans and renal lithiasis
• 17.9 Effects of physiological factors
• 17.10 Alterations in pathological states
• 17.11 Bibliography
• 18. Secretions of the Skin
• 18.1 General Views
• 18.2 Glycosaminoglycans in normal sweat
• 18.3 Glycosaminoglycans of sweat glands in pathological states
• 18.4 Variations with age and sex
• 18.5 Glycosaminoglycans in sebaceous secretions
• 18.6 Hormonal control of sebaceous secretion
• 18.7 Bibliography
• 19. Other Miscellaneous Body Fluids
• 19.1 Milk
• 19.2 Interstitial fluid
• 19.3 Lymph
• 19.4 Cartilage Fluid
• 19.5 Bibliography
• Subject Index