Green Organic Chemistry and its Interdisciplinary Applications

Vera M. Kolb

• Verlag: CRC Press
• Jahr: 2017
• ISBN:
  9781315354576
• Auflage: 1
• Thema: Physical Sciences
• Thema: Chemistry

Green Organic Chemistry and Its Interdisciplinary Applications covers key developments in green chemistry and demonstrates to students that the developments were most often the result of innovative thinking. Using a set of selected experiments, all of which have been performed in the laboratory with undergraduate students, it demonstrates how to optimize and develop green experiments.

The book dedicates each chapter to individual applications, such as

• Engineering
• The chemical industry
• The pharmaceutical industry
• Analytical chemistry
• Environmental chemistry

Each chapter also poses questions at the end, with the answers included.

By focusing on both the interdisciplinary applications of green chemistry and the innovative thinking that has produced new developments in the field, this book manages to present two key messages in a manner where they reinforce each other. It provides a single and concise reference for chemists, instructors, and students for learning about green organic chemistry and its great and ever-expanding number of applications.

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Contents

1. Preface
2. Acknowledgments
3. Author
4. Chapter 1 Introduction to Green Chemistry
5. Learning Objectives
6. 1.1 A Brief History of Green Chemistry
7. 1.1.1 Historical Setting for the Emergence of Green Chemistry
8. 1.1.2 Emergence and Establishment of Green Chemistry
9. 1.2 Some Common Descriptions of Green Chemistry
10. 1.3 Innovative Aspects of Green Chemistry
11. Review Questions
12. Answers to Review Questions
13. References
14. Chapter 2 Twelve Principles of Green Chemistry
15. Learning Objectives
16. 2.1 Introduction
17. 2.2 The 12 Principles of Green Chemistry
18. 2.2.1 Principle 1: Waste Prevention
19. 2.2.2 Principle 2: Atom Economy
20. 2.2.3 Principle 3: Safer Syntheses
21. 2.2.4 Principle 4: Safer Products
22. 2.2.5 Principle 5: Safer Auxiliaries
23. 2.2.6 Principle 6: Energy Efficiency
24. 2.2.7 Principle 7: Renewable Feedstocks
25. 2.2.8 Principle 8: Derivative Reduction
26. 2.2.9 Principle 9: Catalysis
27. 2.2.10 Principle 10: Degradability
28. 2.2.11 Principle 11: Pollution Prevention
29. 2.2.12 Principle 12: Accident Prevention
30. Review Questions
31. Answers to Review Questions
32. References
33. Chapter 3 Innovative Aspects of Green Chemistry
34. Learning Objectives
35. 3.1 About Innovation In General And In Green Chemistry
36. 3.2 About Thinking in General and for Green Chemistry Innovations
37. 3.2.1 Deductive Thinking
38. 3.2.2 Inductive Thinking
39. 3.2.3 Critical Thinking
40. 3.2.4 Linear and Nonlinear Thinking
41. 3.2.5 Lateral and Vertical Thinking
42. 3.2.6 Complex Thinking
43. 3.2.7 Conclusion about Thinking that is Suitable for Green Chemistry
44. 3.3 Examples of Innovations in Green Chemistry
45. 3.3.1 Reactions in Water
46. 3.3.2 Reactions in Superheated Water
47. 3.3.3 Reactions In Water In Nanomicelles
48. 3.3.4 Design of Halogen-Free Firefighting Foam
49. 3.3.5 Sources of Examples Of Innovation in Green Chemistry
50. Review Questions
51. Answers to Review Questions
52. References
53. Chapter 4 Green Organic Reactions “on Water”
54. Learning Objectives
55. 4.1 Types of Reactions in Aqueous Medium and Associated Nomenclature
56. 4.2 Examples of On-Water Reactions
57. 4.2.1 Diels–Alder Reaction
58. 4.2.2 Passerini Reaction
59. 4.2.3 A Sampler of Other “On-Water” Reactions
60. Review Questions
61. Answers to Review Questions
62. References
63. Chapter 5 Green Organic Reactions in Superheated Water
64. Learning Objectives
65. 5.1 About Water: A Brief Review
66. 5.1.1 Fundamental Properties of Water
67. 5.1.2 Phase Diagram of Water and Associated Terms and Definitions
68. 5.2 Superheated Water as a Green Reaction Medium
69. 5.2.1 Properties of Superheated Water
70. 5.2.2 Innovative Aspects of Using Superheated Water as a Green Reaction Medium
71. 5.3 Organic Reactions in Superheated Water: An Overview
72. Review Questions
73. Answers To Review Questions
74. References
75. Chapter 6 Green “Solventless” Organic Reactions
76. Learning Objectives
77. 6.1 Another Green Chemistry Paradigm Shift: Organic Reactions May Not Need a Solvent to Occur
78. 6.2 Definition of Solventless Reactions and Related Nomenclature
79. 6.3 Solventless Reactions Based on the Melting Behavior of Reaction Mixtures: Innovative Aspects of this Method
80. 6.4 A New Look at the Familiar Concepts of Melting Point and Eutectic Point, and their Relevant Phase Diagrams
81. 6.5 Green Chemistry Challenges with Respect to Solventless Reactions
82. 6.6 Examples of Solventless Reactions
83. Review Questions
84. Answers to Review Questions
85. References
86. Chapter 7 Green Organic Reactions in the Solid State
87. Learning Objectives
88. 7.1 Solid-State Reactions Other than those that Occur via the Melted State
89. 7.2 Solid-State Photochemical Reactions
90. 7.3 Microwave-Assisted Solid-State Reactions
91. 7.4 Rearrangement Reactions in the Solid State
92. 7.5 Synthetic Scope of Solid-State Reactions
93. Review Questions
94. Answers to Review Questions
95. References
96. Chapter 8 Applications of Green Chemistry Principles in Engineering Introduction to Sustainability
97. Learning Objectives
98. 8.1 Engineering and its Branches
99. 8.2 Green Engineering and its 12 Principles
100. 8.2.1 Principle 1: Inherent Rather than Circumstantial
101. 8.2.2 Principle 2: Prevention Instead of Treatment
102. 8.2.3 Principle 3: Design for Separation
103. 8.2.4 Principle 4: Maximize Efficiency
104. 8.2.5 Principle 5: Output-Pulled Versus Input-Pushed
105. 8.2.6 Principle 6: Conserve Complexity
106. 8.2.7 Principle 7: Durability Rather than Immortality
107. 8.2.8 Principle 8: Meet Need, Minimize Excess
108. 8.2.9 Principle 9: Minimize Material Diversity
109. 8.2.10 Principle 10: Integrate Local Material and Energy Flows
110. 8.2.11 Principle 11: Design for Commercial “Afterlife”
111. 8.2.12 Principle 12: Renewable Rather than Depleting
112. 8.3 Comparison of Principles of Green Chemistry and Green Engineering
113. 8.4 Sustainability as Related to Green Engineering
114. 8.4.1 The Natural Step
115. 8.4.2 Biomimicry
116. 8.4.3 Cradle to Cradle
117. 8.5 Types of Thinking Useful in Green Engineering: Systems and Holistic Thinking
118. 8.5 Conclusions
119. Review Questions
120. Answers to Review Questions
121. References
122. Chapter 9 Chemical Industry and Its Greening An Overview of Metrics
123. Learning Objectives
124. 9.1 Introduction: Scope of Chemical Industry and the Objectives of this Chapter
125. 9.2 Products of Polymer Industry
126. 9.3 Types of Polymers Affect Polymer Properties
127. 9.4 Greening of the Chemical Industry
128. 9.4.1 Greening the Industrial Production of Polycarbonates
129. 9.4.2 Greening Raw Materials for Chemical Industry
130. 9.4.3 Enzymes as Green Catalysts
131. 9.5 Green Chemistry Metrics
132. 9.5 Summary
133. Review Questions
134. Answers To Review Questions
135. References
136. Chapter 10 Applications of Green Chemistry Principles in the Pharmaceutical Industry
137. Learning Objectives
138. 10.1 Introduction to the Pharmaceutical Industry
139. 10.2 Pharmaceutical Industry Often has Difficulties in Meeting Green Chemistry Goals
140. 10.2.1 Synthesis of Phloroglucinol, A Pharmaceutical Intermediate, is Not Green on Multiple Accounts
141. 10.2.2 Requirements for Selectivity in Synthesis of Pharmaceuticals Often Result In Unfavorable Green Chemistry Metrics
142. 10.3 Greening of the Pharmaceutical Industry
143. 10.3.1 Greening the Synthesis of Rabeprazole, An Antiulcer Drug
144. 10.3.2 Two Green Syntheses of L-3,4-Dihydroxyphenylalanine, A Drug for Treatment of Parkinson’s Disease
145. 10.3.3 Some Other Examples of Greening of Pharmaceutical Processes
146. Review Questions
147. Answers to Review Questions
148. References
149. Chapter 11 Applications of Green Chemistry Principles in Analytical Chemistry
150. Learning Objectives
151. 11.1 Application of the 12 Principles of Green Chemistry to Analytical Chemistry
152. 11.2 Green Analytical Chemistry and its Specialized Green Principles
153. 11.3 Greening of Analytical Chemistry
154. 11.3.1 Greening of Preparative Chromatography
155. 11.3.2 Use of Plant Extracts for Metal Ion Determination
156. 11.3.3 Green Choices of Instruments by Energy Consumption
157. 11.4 Summary
158. Review Questions
159. Answers To Review Questions
160. References
161. Chapter 12 Application of Green Chemistry Principles in Environmental Chemistry
162. Learning Objectives
163. 12.1 Brief Overview of the Objectives of Environmental Chemistry
164. 12.2 Relationship Between Environmental and Green Chemistry
165. 12.3 Pharmaceuticals as Emerging Environmental Pollutants
166. 12.4 Development of Ecofriendly Chemicals in Response to the Findings of Environmental Chemistry
167. Review Questions
168. Answers to Review Questions
169. References
170. Chapter 13 Greening Undergraduate Or...