Engineering Science

For Foundation Degree and Higher National

Mike Tooley, Lloyd Dingle

• Verlag: Routledge
• Jahr: 2020
• ISBN:
  9781000171358
• Auflage: 2
• Thema: Technik & Maschinenbau
• Thema: Maschinenbau Allgemein

Focusing primarily on core topics in mechanical and electrical science, students enrolled on a wide range of higher education engineering courses at undergraduate level will find Engineering Science, second edition, an invaluable aid to their learning.

With updated and expanded content, this new edition covers sections on the mechanics of materials, dynamics, thermodynamics, electrostatics and electromagnetic principles, and a.c./d.c. circuit theory. Entirely new sections are devoted to the study of gyroscopes and the effect of applied torques on their behaviour, and the use of Laplace transformation as a tool for modelling complex networks of inductance, capacitance and resistance. In addition, a new overview of the decibel (dB) introduces a handy technique for expressing logarithmic ratios.

Knowledge-check and review questions, along with activities, are included throughout the book, and the necessary background mathematics is integrated alongside the appropriate areas of engineering. The result is a clear and easily accessible textbook that encourages independent study and covers the essential scientific principles that students will meet at this level.

The book is supported with a companion website for students and lecturers at www.key2engineeringscience.com, and it includes:

• Solutions to the Test Your Knowledge and Review Questions in the book

• Further guidance on Essential Mathematics with introductions to vectors, vector operations, the calculus and differential equations, etc.

• An extra chapter on steam properties, cycles and plant

• Downloadable SCILAB scripts that help simplify some of the advanced mathematical content

• Selected illustrations from the book

Part I

Mechanics of materials

The study of the mechanics of materials is concerned with the behaviour of solid bodies under the influence of loads. The ways in which these bodies behave as a result of the loads imposed on them, the stresses they endure, their subsequent strains and deflections, together with their internal reaction to these externally imposed loads, are of the utmost importance to engineers, particularly with respect to the design and in-service endurance of engineering structures.

In Chapter 1 some fundamental concepts are covered that may or may not be familiar to the reader but which are designed to provide essential background for the topics that follow. These topics include forces, resolution of forces, coplanar force systems, simple stress and strain, and thermal stress and strain. Chapter 2 is concerned with the analysis of beams and includes topics on shear force and bending moment, engineers’ theory of bending, centroid and second moment of area, beam selection and the slope and deflection of beams. In Chapter 3 we consider the concept of torsion in shafts used as power transmitters; topics covered include engineers’ theory of torsion, polar second moments of area and the power transmitted by shafts. Chapter 4 is concerned with the forces and stresses created by and acting on pressure vessels, where both thick-walled and thin-walled pressure vessels are considered, together with an application of the theory to the stress design of pressure vessels for specific functions. In Chapter 5 concentrically loaded columns and struts are considered; topics covered include the determination of parameters such as slenderness ratio, radius of gyration and effective length, Euler theory and the Rankine–Gordon relationship. Chapter 6 provides an introduction to strain energy, where strain energy is considered as a result of direct stress, shear stress, torsion and bending. Castigliano’s theorem is introduced and its use for analysing deflection of beams from externally loaded components is covered. Finally, in Chapter 7, we analyse complex stress and strain, starting with the analysis of stresses on oblique planes that result from direct tensile loading. Two-dimensional stresses acting both directly and in shear are analysed, together with the use of Mohr’s circle. Complex strain is then analysed and principal strains determined. The chapter finishes with a section on strain gauging and the use of strain gauge rosettes to determine principal strains.

Chapter 1

Fundamentals

We begin our study in this chapter with a reminder of the concepts of force, vectors, the analysis of coplanar force systems and compound bars, followed by a study of one- and two-dimensional stress and strain. This lays the foundation for the study of beams, shafts, pressure vessels, columns, struts, strain energy and complex stress and strain, that follow in the subsequent chapters of...