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Hausa Tales and Traditions
Being a translation of Frank Edgar's Tatsuniyoyi Na Hausa
Neil Skinner
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eBook - ePub
Hausa Tales and Traditions
Being a translation of Frank Edgar's Tatsuniyoyi Na Hausa
Neil Skinner
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First Published in 1969. This is a translation from Hausa of Frank Edgar's three volumes of his African folktale, Tatsunijoyi Na Hausa, his major work. The Hausa whose folklore Edgar recorded so industriously are the largest ethnic group in Northern Nigeria and number many millions.
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PART I
MAINLY ANIMALS
These are arranged under the name of the leading character of each tale. Rightly or wrongly, I have made each animal male or female according to whether the Hausa word is masculine or feminine.
1
SPIDER
Spider [Gizo] and His Wife Koki*
TATS does not, unlike Rattray, attempt to render the poor pronunciation of Hausa, that Gizo (as a foreigner) is supposed to have. This is not to say that the story-teller did not add it, when speaking the part. R. No. 6 gives a tale about the origin of Gizo â which is nearly the ordinary name for âspiderâ in Hausa-telling how he came into existence when the lion trampled on a smith thus giving him many legs.
One of the concluding formulae, involving Gizo, which occurs several times, would appear from Rattray to be âDo you think I would have made it up if it hadnât been for Gizo?â, but the versions in TATS sometimes differ slightly from this.
The Crested Cranes and the Lionâ [I/3]
One day twelve crested cranes made a journey to eat the fruit of a baure tree in the middle of a river. As they were leaving they passed Spiderâs house. One of the figs fell into Spiderâs house. Said he to them âStop, you crested cranes.â So they stopped. Said he âCrested cranes, wonât you take me with you to eat of the baure?â Said they âBut, Spider, you have no wings!â Said he âPluck me one each from yours.â And each of them plucked him a feather from his own wing.
Then they took him along and went with him to eat of the baure. But Spider prevented them from eating of it. Whereupon they, in their turn, took back their wings and flew off, leaving him asleep on the baure. After a while he woke, straightened himself to take off â and fell into the river.
Now, in this river there was a big town. It was into this that he fell. He greeted the townspeople âPeace be upon youâ; and they replied âWelcome, stranger!â Then said their chief âTake him to the fishesâ hut.â Spider settled down. Then said he to the Chief of the Water (head ferryman) âBring me the children that I may teach them to read.â The children were collected together for him. He kindled a fire in the school*.
Then he chanced to see ten crocodileâs eggs. So he picked one up, put it in the fire and said to the children âIf you hear a pop, say âStrangerâs fart, strangerâs fartâ.â This he continued doing till he had used upâ the ten eggs. Then he said to them âTell the Chief of the Water to have me taken homeâ and he was entrusted to ten fishes to take him to the bank.
When they had brought him to the bank, he said to them âCome out a little way on to the land and letâs play the entering-bag game.â Out they came. Said he âIf I enter, donât strike it!â Then he got into the bag and out again, and said to them âNow itâs your turn to enter.â But when they were in the bag, he tied up the mouth of the bag with them in. Then he kindled a fire and began to grill them. As he finished grilling them up comes the lion. Says the lion âPeace be upon you, Spider.â Says Spider âWelcome, Big Brother.â And the lion says âGive me some fish!â and he took the fish. Whereupon Spider burst into tears. Says the lion âCrying for the fish, Spider?â And Spider replied âNo, itâs the smoke.â
They were sitting there when a guinea-fowl got up, and Spider, speaking of her, said âShameless creature, just as if it wasnât me who gave her her markings!â Then a bush-fowl got up and Spider said âLook at her! Iâm just preparing to give her some markings too, when off she goes!â Says the lion âCan you really do those markings, Spider?â and Spider replies Of course I can!â Then the lion says âDo you think you could give me markings like that?â and Spider answered âGet a rope of ox-hide.â And he brought him one.
Then Spider seized the lion and tied him to a tree-trunk; and he put an iron rolling-pin* in the fire till it was red-hot. Then pressed it against the lionâs body, cauterizing him, and off he ran. Along came the termite and said to the lion âYouâre tricky, ungrateful people: if one gives you day, you return night.â Says the lion âI wonât return night to you.â So she chewed through the ox-hide rope and the lion made off.
He went to look for Spider. When Spider heard that the lion was seeking him, he took the corpse of an oribi, dried up, and put it on his body. Then he met the lion, who said to him âOribi, have you heard news of Spider?â And the oribi answered the lion âRun, lion, run. Donât you know, if Spider looks angry at a man, heâll fade, or die. Youâve been warned!â And the lion set off running.
Big Fleas and Little Fleasâ [I/6]
Spider was sick. When he got up, he said to his wife âI havenât any meat.â And he said, sitting at the door of his compound âI invite all the wild beasts to help.â So she went off and told them, saying âYou are all invited, Spider summons you all to help him.â
Next morning first thing along comes the cockroach, heâs the first. Says he to Spider âHere I am, answering your call to help.â And Spider answered âInto a hut with you before the others come!â Next up comes the cock. Says he to Spider âWhere are all the others?â and Spider said âThe cockroach is in the hut â in you go and kill him!â and the cock went into the hut, killed the cockroach and down he sat.
A little later up comes the cat. Says he to Spider âWhere are all the others?â and Spider answered âThereâs the cock in the hut there. Go and kill him!â Into the hut went the cat and killed the cock, and there was the cock, in the hut, dead.
And there was the cat too, when up comes the dog. Says he to Spider âWhere are all the others?â and Spider answered him âInto the hut with you! The catâs there, go and kill him.â And in he went and killed the cat.
And as he sat in the hut, up came the hyena and said to Spider âHere I am, come to help.â And Spider said âThereâs the dog in the hut. Go and kill him!â And the hyena went in and killed the dog.
And she settled in the hut. Then along came the leopard and said to Spider âHere I am, come to helpâ and the Spider said to the leopard âThereâs the hyena, go in and kill her!â And the leopard went in and killed the hyena. And while she was still in the hut, up came the lion. Says he to Spider âHere I am, come to helpâ and Spider said to him âThereâs the leopard, go and kill her!â Then the lion and the leopard both came out and joined battle. And as they fought, Spider came up and ground up a pepper fine, and, taking some, threw it in the lionâs eyes. Then he took some more and threw it in the leopardâs eyes. And they shut their eyes and couldnât see. Then he took a stick and started beating the lion, beating the leopard, saying
âLeave off, lion; leave off, leopard! For who may enter the fight of you great ones?â until he killed them. And he got meat enough to satisfy him. And he ate and grew fat.
A Variant* [I/94]
It is said that once Spider recovered from an illness and felt the desire for meat. Not finding any he summoned all the beasts of the bush to come to his compound and do some work for him.
When it was light, the first to arrive was the cockroach. âPeace be upon youâ said he. âAnd upon you peaceâ said Spider. âHavenât the others come yet?â asked the cockroach, and Spider answered âGo into a hut and sit down, till they arriveâ and the cockroach entered a hut and sat down.
After a while the rooster arrived. âPeace be upon youâ said he to Spider. âAnd upon you peaceâ answered Spider. âHavenât the others come?â he asked, and Spider answered âOnly the cockroach has come so far. Heâs there in the hut. Go on in and kill him.â So the rooster went in and killed the cockroach. Then he too sat down in the hut and waited.
After a while the cat came along. Says he to Spider âWhere are the others?â and Spider answered âThey havenât collected yet. The rooster is the first to come. Heâs there in the hut. When you go in, kill him!â Then the cat went into the hut, and killing the rooster, sat down and waited. And Spider just went on sitting there at the doorway of the entrance-hut.
After a while the dog came along, and asked Spider âHavenât the others come yet?â âNot yetâ said Spider. âJust the cat so far â heâs there in the hut. When you get in, kill him!â So the dog went and killed the cat and sat down and waited in the hut.
After a while the hyena came along. âHavenât the others come yet?â says she to Spider. âNoâ says Spider. âJust the dog so far.â âWhereâs he?â says she. âIn the hutâ says Spider. âWhen you go there, kill him!â and in went the hyena and killed the dog, and she too sat down in the hut and waited.
After a while, along comes the leopard. âWhere are the others?â says she to Spider. âHavenât they collected yet?â âNot yetâ says Spider. âExcept for the hyena â sheâs here. Sheâs sitting in the hut there. If you go in, kill her!â So the leopard went in, killed the hyena and sat down in the hut and waited.
After a while, along came the lion. Said he to Spider âHavenât the others collected?â âNoâ said Spider. âNot yet â except only the leopard, sheâs there in the hut. Go and find her, and kill her!â So the lion went on and found the leopard in the hut, and he seized the leopard, and the leopard in her turn seized him and they fought.
Now Spider had had some pepper pounded up for him and put it by. When he heard the lion and leopard fighting, he went up to them, and taking some of the pounded pepper he threw it in the lionâs eyes. And taking some more, he threw it in the leopardâs eyes. Then the eyes of both of them were closed and they couldnât see, and Spider, picking up a big stick, began to hit them both hard, saying as he did so âLion, leave off! Leopard, leave off! For who may enter the fight of you great ones?â And he went on hitting the lion and the leopard in turn until he had killed them and there they were, dead. Then he called Mrs. Spider and they gathered up the meat, and ate and ate, and had their fill of meat. Kurungus kan kusu.
The Malam and the Hyena* [I/7]
One day a certain malam set out on a journey. And as he rode along on his mare, up came a hyena and said to him âWhere are you going?â And he answered âIâm going to school.â And she said âMay I come too?â and he answered âCertainly, come along!â
As they went along, the malamâs mare collapsed and could go no farther. Then said the hyena âMalam, give me the mare to eat. Get on me and weâll get along.â And the malam said to her âVery well, take her and eat her!â So she took her and ate her, and then ran off, leaving the malam with his saddle and bridle.
He put his saddle up on his head and set off, and as he went along he met with Spider. Says Spider âMalam, where are you off to?â and he answered âI came out and met a hyena as I was going. She asked me to give her my mare to eat, saying I could ride her. But when I gave the mare and she had eaten her, she ran off, and I havenât seen her since.â
Says Spider âWhereâs the place she ate your mare?â and the malam answered âCome along with me and Iâll show you!â Off they went and he showed Spider where the hyena had eaten her. She had left the liver, the head and the hooves. Spider took the liver and put it in his bag. Then he said to the malam âYou stay here!â And the malam sat down waiting for Spider, while Spider went off to look for the hyena.
A little later he met with the hyena and said to her âWhere are you going?â and she answered âIâm on the run. I ate a malamâs mare, after telling him a lie.â Says Spider âCome along, weâll go and Iâll take you to some meat.â
As they went along Spider said to the hyena âToday youâll eat meat till youâre full.â Says the hyena âI say, Spider, you wouldnât be after taking ...